Outcomes in COVID-19 vitamin A studies
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
death
2/70
14/70
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Al-Sumiadai 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.57]
progression
2/50
6/50
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.004
Early treatment 79%
0.21 [0.07-0.61]
4/120
20/120
79% improvement Sarohan -282%
3.83 [1.58-9.24]
death
9/10
4/17
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Tau2 = 5.08, I2 = 81.2%, p = 0.94
Late treatment 14%
0.86 [0.03-26.4]
9/40
8/47
14% improvement Al-Sumiadai 64%
0.36 [0.23-0.54]
cases
20/97
65/112
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Holt 56%
0.44 [0.06-2.96]
cases
1/91
445/15,136
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis 64%
0.36 [0.24-0.54]
21/188
510/15,248
64% improvement Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00086
Sufficiency 71%
0.29 [0.14-0.60]
8/63
53/97
71% improvement All studies 59%
0.41 [0.19-0.92]
42/411
591/15,512
59% improvement 8 vitamin A COVID-19 studies c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.85, I2 = 75.6%, p = 0.03
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.57]
progression
2/50
6/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.17
Early treatment 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.57]
2/50
6/50
67% improvement Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
Late treatment 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement Al-Sumiadai 64%
0.36 [0.23-0.54]
cases
20/97
65/112
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis 64%
0.36 [0.23-0.54]
20/97
65/112
64% improvement Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00086
Sufficiency 71%
0.29 [0.14-0.60]
8/63
53/97
71% improvement All studies 67%
0.33 [0.23-0.47]
30/240
128/289
67% improvement 5 vitamin A COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
2/70
14/70
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0083
Early treatment 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
2/70
14/70
86% improvement Sarohan -282%
3.83 [1.58-9.24]
9/10
4/17
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
CT1
Tau2 = 5.08, I2 = 81.2%, p = 0.94
Late treatment 14%
0.86 [0.03-26.4]
9/40
8/47
14% improvement Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
4/29
5/11
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.036
Sufficiency 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
4/29
5/11
70% improvement All studies 57%
0.43 [0.07-2.74]
15/139
27/128
57% improvement 4 vitamin A COVID-19 mortality results c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 2.87, I2 = 86.5%, p = 0.38
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0089
Sufficiency 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
4/34
48/86
71% improvement All studies 71%
0.29 [0.11-0.73]
4/34
48/86
71% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 mechanical ventilation result c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0089
Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Tomasa-Irriguible 61%
0.39 [0.15-0.80]
6/34
54/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.012
Sufficiency 61%
0.39 [0.15-0.80]
6/34
54/86
61% improvement All studies 61%
0.39 [0.18-0.81]
6/34
54/86
61% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 ICU result c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.012
Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 41%
0.59 [0.17-1.28]
hosp.
4/30
16/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.29
Late treatment 41%
0.59 [0.17-1.28]
4/30
16/30
41% improvement All studies 41%
0.59 [0.22-1.56]
4/30
16/30
41% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 hospitalization result c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.29
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
death
2/70
14/70
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Al-Sumiadai 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.57]
progression
2/50
6/50
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.004
Early treatment 79%
0.21 [0.07-0.61]
4/120
20/120
79% improvement Sarohan -282%
3.83 [1.58-9.24]
death
9/10
4/17
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Tau2 = 5.08, I2 = 81.2%, p = 0.94
Late treatment 14%
0.86 [0.03-26.4]
9/40
8/47
14% improvement Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00086
Sufficiency 71%
0.29 [0.14-0.60]
8/63
53/97
71% improvement All studies 60%
0.40 [0.12-1.33]
21/223
81/264
60% improvement 6 vitamin A COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 1.69, I2 = 81.1%, p = 0.13
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 45%
0.55 [0.38-0.78]
SOFA
30 (n)
30 (n)
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.001
Late treatment 45%
0.55 [0.38-0.78]
0/30
0/30
45% improvement All studies 45%
0.55 [0.38-0.78]
0/30
0/30
45% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 recovery result c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.001
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 64%
0.36 [0.23-0.54]
cases
20/97
65/112
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Holt 56%
0.44 [0.06-2.96]
cases
1/91
445/15,136
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis 64%
0.36 [0.24-0.54]
21/188
510/15,248
64% improvement All studies 64%
0.36 [0.24-0.54]
21/188
510/15,248
64% improvement 2 vitamin A COVID-19 case results c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
All studies 71%
0.29 [0.14-0.60]
8/63
53/97
71% improvement 2 vitamin A COVID-19 sufficiency studies c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00086
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
Late treatment 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement All studies 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
Late treatment 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement All studies 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement 1 vitamin A COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
death
2/70
14/70
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0083
Early treatment 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
2/70
14/70
86% improvement Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.13
Late treatment 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
0/30
4/30
89% improvement Holt 56%
0.44 [0.06-2.96]
cases
1/91
445/15,136
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.41
Prophylaxis 56%
0.44 [0.06-2.96]
1/91
445/15,136
56% improvement Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00086
Sufficiency 71%
0.29 [0.14-0.60]
8/63
53/97
71% improvement All studies 74%
0.26 [0.14-0.47]
11/254
516/15,333
74% improvement 5 vitamin A COVID-19 peer reviewed trials c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Al-Sumiadai 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.61]
death
2/70
14/70
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Al-Sumiadai 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.57]
progression
2/50
6/50
Sarohan -282%
3.83 [1.58-9.24]
death
9/10
4/17
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 89%
0.11 [0.01-1.98]
death
0/30
4/30
CT1
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 41%
0.59 [0.17-1.28]
hosp.
4/30
16/30
CT1
Beigmoha.. (SB RCT) 45%
0.55 [0.38-0.78]
SOFA
30 (n)
30 (n)
CT1
Al-Sumiadai 64%
0.36 [0.23-0.54]
cases
20/97
65/112
Holt 56%
0.44 [0.06-2.96]
cases
1/91
445/15,136
Tomasa-Irriguible 71%
0.29 [0.10-0.67]
ventilation
4/34
48/86
Tomasa-Irriguible 61%
0.39 [0.15-0.80]
ICU
6/34
54/86
Tepasse 70%
0.30 [0.07-0.97]
death
4/29
5/11
Tepasse 45%
0.55 [0.16-1.00]
progression
13/29
9/11
vitamin A COVID-19 outcomes c19early.com/va Jan 17, 2022
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors vitamin A
Favors control
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corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both
valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means
should be used. Elimination of COVID-19 is a race against viral evolution. No
treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all
current and future variants. Denying the efficacy of any method increases
mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and the risk of endemic status. We do
not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified
physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and
benefits based on your medical history and situation.
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and
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treatment protocols.
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