Treatments do not replace vaccines and other measures. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or
intervention is 100% available and effective for all variants. Denying
efficacy increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Iota-carragee.. 80% [11-96%]
1
$1
394
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Quercetin 63% [27-81%]
9
$5
1,279
Ivermectin 63% [54-69%]
89
$1 133,038
Nigella Sativa 61% [54-68%]
9
$5
2,161
Casirivimab/i.. 60% [41-72%]
22
$2,100 47,187
variant dependent Bamlaniv../e.. 55% [30-71%]
14
$1,250 24,423
variant dependent Diet 53% [39-64%]
15
$0
586,510
Povidone-Iod.. 50% [37-61%]
16
$1
2,833
Vitamin A 50% [-9-77%]
8
$2
17,951
Bromhexine 50% [-8-77%]
6
$5
684
very limited data Lactoferrin 48% [30-62%]
4
$5
786
Melatonin 47% [31-59%]
17
$1
14,075
Ensovibep 46% [-173-89%]
2
$2,100
885
limited data Nitric Oxide 46% [-4-72%]
6
$11 1,166
Tixagev../c.. 46% [17-64%]
6
$855 21,824
variant dependent Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Paxlovid 40% [24-53%]
12
$529 40,904
independent trial refused Curcumin 40% [31-48%]
19
$5
4,006
Colchicine 40% [29-50%]
34
$1
22,738
Exercise 40% [32-46%]
34
$0
1,464,632
Budesonide 39% [23-52%]
8
$4 9,951
Vitamin D 38% [31-45%]
85
$1
140,678
Fluvoxamine 37% [-1-60%]
8
$4 3,620
Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Sleep 35% [20-48%]
7
$0
1,636
Nitazoxanide 34% [-27-66%]
11
$4 3,025
Molnupiravir 33% [11-51%]
13
$707 15,517
mutagenic/teratogenic Metformin 29% [23-35%]
40
$10
145,044
Favipiravir 29% [17-39%]
45
$20 17,956
Zinc 29% [16-40%]
32
$1
35,459
Antiandrogens 27% [17-35%]
38
$5
89,952
Hydroxychlor.. 25% [21-28%]
351
$1 460,884
N-acetylcys.. 22% [10-32%]
14
$1
24,440
Probiotics 22% [11-31%]
18
$5
17,650
Vitamin C 20% [10-29%]
48
$1
40,882
Remdesivir 16% [6-25%]
38
$3,120 124,717
intravenous
Sotrovimab 15% [-57-54%]
7
$2,100 9,907
variant dependent Famotidine 15% [4-25%]
23
$5
76,267
Aspirin 14% [8-19%]
50
$1
132,274
Conv. Plasma -1% [-15-12%]
14
$5,000 15,607
Cannabidiol -26% [-261-56%]
4
$25
2,984
Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
All studies (pooled effects, all stages) c19early.com Aug 12, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of
stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less
effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the
efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome
analyses.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Nigella Sativa 83% [51-94%]
4
$5
967
limited data Budesonide 82% [21-96%]
1
$4 146
very limited data Bromhexine 79% [28-94%]
2
$5
96
very limited data Vitamin A 79% [39-93%]
2
$2
240
very limited data Melatonin 78% [25-94%]
2
$1
91
very limited data Lactoferrin 76% [-485-99%]
1
$5
121
very limited data Remdesivir 75% [43-89%]
3
$3,120 1,106
intravenous
Proxalutamide 71% [-75-95%]
3
$500
1,175
very limited data Povidone-Iod.. 69% [50-81%]
10
$1
1,143
limited data Bamlaniv../e.. 69% [40-84%]
8
$1,250 17,980
variant dependent Colchicine 68% [33-85%]
1
$1
0
very limited data Aspirin 67% [-696-99%]
1
$1
280
very limited data Vitamin D 67% [43-81%]
8
$1
43,422
Ivermectin 63% [52-71%]
36
$1 56,911
Hydroxychlor.. 62% [52-70%]
36
$1 56,721
Zinc 61% [-16-87%]
4
$1
3,010
limited data Metformin 57% [11-79%]
2
$10
26,926
limited data Casirivimab/i.. 56% [32-72%]
16
$2,100 31,188
variant dependent Antiandrogens 55% [23-74%]
3
$5
26,865
limited data Famotidine 48% [-32-80%]
1
$5
55
very limited data Curcumin 46% [14-66%]
8
$5
771
limited data Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Paxlovid 45% [25-59%]
10
$529 34,082
independent trial refused Molnupiravir 43% [10-64%]
9
$707 4,714
mutagenic/teratogenic Nitric Oxide 42% [16-60%]
2
$11 173
limited data Favipiravir 41% [11-61%]
13
$20 9,970
limited data Fluvoxamine 39% [-64-78%]
4
$4 876
very limited data Quercetin 38% [-8-65%]
3
$5
244
very limited data Sotrovimab 37% [-69-77%]
6
$2,100 9,547
variant dependent Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Probiotics 34% [21-45%]
3
$5
673
limited data Nitazoxanide 33% [-78-75%]
7
$4 2,469
Vitamin C 24% [-50-62%]
5
$1
571
N-acetylcys.. 21% [1-37%]
2
$1
416
very limited data Tixagev../c.. 0% [-207-68%]
1
$855 903
variant dependent Conv. Plasma -93% [-687-53%]
3
$5,000 716
very limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
Early treatment studies (pooled effects) c19early.com Aug 12, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of
outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Lactoferrin 79% [-48-97%]
1
$5
547
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Bromhexine 77% [-39-96%]
3
$5
550
very limited data Nigella Sativa 73% [23-91%]
4
$5
1,192
Povidone-Iod.. 72% [8-92%]
2
$1
872
limited data Peg.. Lambda 72% [-149-97%]
1
$500
1,936
subcutaneous
Paxlovid 64% [7-86%]
5
$529 8,173
independent trial refused Vitamin A 63% [-246-96%]
4
$2
267
Curcumin 61% [29-79%]
6
$5
605
Probiotics 61% [34-77%]
7
$5
1,004
Quercetin 59% [-55-89%]
4
$5
683
limited data Bamlaniv../e.. 56% [5-80%]
10
$1,250 22,988
variant dependent Melatonin 54% [26-72%]
8
$1
1,828
Casirivimab/i.. 53% [15-74%]
8
$2,100 32,929
variant dependent Ivermectin 51% [37-62%]
46
$1 119,844
Ensovibep 46% [-173-89%]
2
$2,100
885
limited data Exercise 44% [34-52%]
13
$0
1,437,929
Molnupiravir 43% [16-62%]
5
$707 13,003
mutagenic/teratogenic Sleep 43% [10-64%]
1
$0
0
very limited data Colchicine 42% [28-53%]
29
$1
21,010
Tixagev../c.. 41% [6-63%]
4
$855 15,579
variant dependent Nitazoxanide 41% [-30-73%]
5
$4
