Treatments do not replace vaccines and other measures. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or
intervention is 100% available and effective for all variants. Denying
efficacy increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Iota-carragee.. 80% [11-96%]
1
$1
394
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Paxlovid 65% [-5-88%]
3
$529 4,910
independent trial refused Ivermectin 64% [56-71%]
82
$1 129,808
Quercetin 63% [27-81%]
9
$5
1,279
Casirivimab/i.. 61% [42-74%]
20
$2,100 46,179
variant dependent Nigella Sativa 61% [40-75%]
7
$5
1,977
Bamlaniv../e.. 55% [30-71%]
14
$1,250 24,423
variant dependent Diet 54% [27-71%]
7
$0
585,031
Povidone-Iod.. 53% [37-65%]
13
$1
2,749
Vitamin A 50% [-9-77%]
8
$2
17,951
Bromhexine 50% [-8-77%]
6
$5
684
very limited data Melatonin 49% [33-62%]
16
$1
14,009
Lactoferrin 48% [30-62%]
4
$5
786
Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Ensovibep 45% [-276-92%]
2
$2,100
400
very limited data Tixagev../c.. 42% [2-66%]
2
$855 6,293
variant dependent Curcumin 42% [32-50%]
16
$5
1,697
Budesonide 39% [23-52%]
8
$4 9,951
Exercise 39% [31-46%]
33
$0
809,459
Colchicine 38% [27-48%]
32
$1
22,499
Vitamin D 38% [31-45%]
78
$1
134,467
Molnupiravir 36% [-3-60%]
9
$707 4,235
mutagenic/teratogenic Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Fluvoxamine 35% [15-51%]
7
$4 2,651
Sleep 35% [20-48%]
7
$0
1,636
Nitazoxanide 34% [-27-66%]
11
$4 3,025
Zinc 30% [15-41%]
29
$1
55,226
Metformin 27% [20-33%]
39
$10
118,536
Hydroxychlor.. 25% [21-28%]
345
$1 458,548
Antiandrogens 23% [13-32%]
34
$5
62,864
Favipiravir 23% [11-34%]
40
$20 17,123
N-acetylcys.. 23% [11-33%]
13
$1
24,349
Probiotics 21% [10-31%]
16
$5
17,535
Sotrovimab 20% [-96-67%]
5
$2,100 4,524
variant dependent Vitamin C 17% [7-27%]
43
$1
39,120
Remdesivir 16% [6-25%]
35
$3,120 123,330
intravenous
Aspirin 14% [7-20%]
44
$1
120,131
Famotidine 14% [2-24%]
22
$5
76,267
Conv. Plasma -1% [-15-12%]
14
$5,000 15,607
Cannabidiol -53% [-616-68%]
3
$25
1,153
limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
All studies (pooled effects, all stages) c19early.com May 22, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of
stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less
effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the
efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome
analyses.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Paxlovid 83% [1-97%]
2
$529 2,939
independent trial refused Nigella Sativa 83% [51-94%]
4
$5
967
limited data Budesonide 82% [21-96%]
1
$4 146
very limited data Bromhexine 79% [28-94%]
2
$5
96
very limited data Vitamin A 79% [39-93%]
2
$2
240
very limited data Melatonin 78% [25-94%]
2
$1
91
very limited data Lactoferrin 76% [-485-99%]
1
$5
121
very limited data Remdesivir 76% [39-90%]
2
$3,120 934
intravenous
Vitamin D 74% [45-88%]
7
$1
16,914
Povidone-Iod.. 72% [49-84%]
8
$1
1,078
limited data Proxalutamide 71% [-75-95%]
3
$500
1,175
very limited data Bamlaniv../e.. 69% [40-84%]
8
$1,250 17,980
variant dependent Antiandrogens 68% [41-83%]
2
$5
357
very limited data Aspirin 67% [-696-99%]
1
$1
280
very limited data Ivermectin 63% [53-72%]
32
$1 55,955
Hydroxychlor.. 63% [53-70%]
38
$1 57,389
Zinc 61% [-16-87%]
4
$1
3,010
limited data Casirivimab/i.. 58% [33-74%]
14
$2,100 30,180
variant dependent Molnupiravir 53% [23-71%]
6
$707 3,944
mutagenic/teratogenic Curcumin 48% [19-67%]
7
$5
757
limited data Famotidine 48% [-32-80%]
1
$5
55
very limited data Sotrovimab 46% [-149-88%]
4
$2,100 4,164
variant dependent Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Fluvoxamine 39% [-64-78%]
4
$4 876
very limited data Quercetin 38% [-8-65%]
3
$5
244
very limited data Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Probiotics 34% [21-45%]
3
$5
673
limited data Nitazoxanide 33% [-78-75%]
7
$4 2,469
Favipiravir 29% [-6-52%]
9
$20 9,302
very limited data Metformin 27% [-94-72%]
1
$10
418
very limited data Vitamin C 22% [-78-65%]
4
$1
445
N-acetylcys.. 21% [1-37%]
2
$1
416
very limited data Conv. Plasma -93% [-687-53%]
3
$5,000 716
very limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
Early treatment studies (pooled effects) c19early.com May 22, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of
outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Paxlovid 96% [32-100%]
1
$529 2,085
independent trial refused Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Tixagev../c.. 86% [-198-99%]
1
$855 5,172
variant dependent Lactoferrin 79% [-48-97%]
1
$5
547
very limited data Nigella Sativa 79% [35-93%]
3
$5
1,113
limited data Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Bromhexine 77% [-39-96%]
3
$5
550
very limited data Povidone-Iod.. 72% [8-92%]
2
$1
872
limited data Peg.. Lambda 72% [-149-97%]
1
$500
1,936
subcutaneous
Vitamin A 63% [-246-96%]
4
$2
267
Curcumin 61% [29-79%]
6
$5
605
Quercetin 59% [-55-89%]
4
$5
683
limited data Probiotics 59% [29-77%]
5
$5
889
Bamlaniv../e.. 56% [5-80%]
10
$1,250 22,988
variant dependent Melatonin 54% [26-72%]
8
$1
1,828
Casirivimab/i.. 53% [15-74%]
8
$2,100 32,929
variant dependent Ivermectin 53% [39-64%]
42
$1 117,021
Molnupiravir 50% [-445-95%]
3
$707 1,901
mutagenic/teratogenic Exercise 44% [33-53%]
12
$0
782,756
Sleep 43% [10-64%]
1
$0
0
very limited data Nitazoxanide 41% [-30-73%]
5
$4 1,372
limited data Colchicine 40% [26-51%]
27
$1
20,771
Budesonide 38% [20-53%]
6
$4 2,786
Sotrovimab 38% [-51-75%]
4
$2,100 3,596
variant dependent Vitamin D 37% [25-47%]
44
$1
32,680
Fluvoxamine 36% [14-53%]
3
$4 1,775
limited data Antiandrogens 34% [14-49%]
24
$5
59,004
Metformin 33% [25-40%]
31
$10
74,262
Zinc 29% [7-46%]
15
$1
12,413
N-acetylcys.. 29% [1-49%]
9
$1
23,887
Vitamin C 25% [9-39%]
27
$1
19,087
Diet 25% [-60-64%]
2
$0
281,639
limited data Hydroxychlor.. 21% [16-26%]
212
$1 325,877
Remdesivir 18% [9-26%]
32
$3,120 122,149
intravenous
Famotidine 16% [2-27%]
15
$5
70,199
Aspirin 13% [6-19%]
39
$1
106,422
Favipiravir 8% [-11-24%]
21
$20 13,597
Conv. Plasma -1% [-15-12%]
14
$5,000 15,607
Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
Cannabidiol -181% [-658--4%]
1
$25
0
very limited data All mortality results (all stages) c19early.com May 22, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
all mortality results (all stages). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<25 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all stages depend on the distribution of stages tested -
for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of
studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please
see the specific stage analyses.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Paxlovid 96% [32-100%]
1
$529 2,085
independent trial refused Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Bromhexine 91% [-59-99%]
1
$5
78
very limited data Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Povidone-Iod.. 88% [50-97%]
1
$1
606
very limited data Nigella Sativa 87% [51-96%]
2
$5
732
limited data Molnupiravir 86% [22-98%]
2
$707 1,610
mutagenic/teratogenic Vitamin A 86% [39-97%]
1
$2
140
very limited data Curcumin 84% [39-96%]
2
$5
314
limited data Quercetin 79% [-82-98%]
2
$5
194
very limited data Casirivimab/i.. 78% [8-95%]
5
$2,100 19,991
variant dependent Vitamin D 76% [37-91%]
4
$1
16,466
limited data Sotrovimab 76% [-2-94%]
3
$2,100 3,236
variant dependent Bamlaniv../e.. 72% [24-90%]
6
$1,250 17,827
variant dependent Peg.. Lambda 72% [-149-97%]
1
$500
1,936
subcutaneous
Hydroxychlor.. 72% [57-81%]
15
$1 52,740
Proxalutamide 71% [-75-95%]
3
$500
1,175
very limited data Probiotics 67% [-716-99%]
1
$5
350
very limited data Remdesivir 66% [4-88%]
1
$3,120 372
intravenous
Zinc 55% [36-67%]
2
$1
2,546
limited data Ivermectin 43% [14-62%]
12
$1 53,735
Nitazoxanide 41% [-1278-98%]
2
$4 873
very limited data Metformin 27% [-94-72%]
1
$10
418
very limited data Favipiravir 19% [-26-47%]
2
$20 8,428
very limited data Conv. Plasma -93% [-687-53%]
3
$5,000 716
very limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
Vitamin C -204% [-7189-87%]
1
$1
98
very limited data Early treatment mortality results c19early.com May 22, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
early treatment mortality results. Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<25 control events are shown in grey.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
