Treatments do not replace vaccines and other measures. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or
intervention is 100% available and effective for all variants. Denying
efficacy increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Iota-carragee.. 80% [11-96%]
1
$1
394
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Quercetin 63% [27-81%]
9
$5
1,279
Ivermectin 63% [54-70%]
88
$1 132,948
Nigella Sativa 61% [40-75%]
7
$5
1,977
Casirivimab/i.. 60% [42-73%]
21
$2,100 47,101
variant dependent Diet 59% [38-73%]
10
$0
585,652
Bamlaniv../e.. 55% [30-71%]
14
$1,250 24,423
variant dependent Povidone-Iod.. 53% [37-65%]
13
$1
2,749
Vitamin A 50% [-9-77%]
8
$2
17,951
Bromhexine 50% [-8-77%]
6
$5
684
very limited data Melatonin 49% [33-62%]
16
$1
14,009
Paxlovid 49% [24-66%]
9
$529 40,466
independent trial refused Lactoferrin 48% [30-62%]
4
$5
786
Tixagev../c.. 47% [18-66%]
4
$855 15,283
variant dependent Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Ensovibep 45% [-276-92%]
2
$2,100
400
very limited data Curcumin 41% [32-49%]
18
$5
1,858
Exercise 40% [32-46%]
34
$0
1,464,632
Budesonide 39% [23-52%]
8
$4 9,951
Vitamin D 38% [31-45%]
82
$1
114,052
Colchicine 38% [26-48%]
33
$1
22,738
Fluvoxamine 37% [-1-60%]
8
$4 3,620
Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Sleep 35% [20-48%]
7
$0
1,636
Nitazoxanide 34% [-27-66%]
11
$4 3,025
Molnupiravir 32% [5-52%]
11
$707 14,747
mutagenic/teratogenic Zinc 29% [16-40%]
32
$1
35,459
Metformin 27% [20-33%]
39
$10
118,536
Favipiravir 26% [14-37%]
43
$20 17,665
Hydroxychlor.. 25% [21-29%]
347
$1 458,192
Antiandrogens 23% [14-32%]
36
$5
63,329
N-acetylcys.. 23% [11-33%]
13
$1
24,349
Probiotics 21% [10-31%]
16
$5
17,535
Vitamin C 19% [9-28%]
45
$1
39,300
Remdesivir 17% [7-26%]
36
$3,120 123,330
intravenous
Sotrovimab 17% [-71-59%]
6
$2,100 9,729
variant dependent Famotidine 15% [4-25%]
23
$5
76,267
Aspirin 13% [7-19%]
47
$1
129,616
Conv. Plasma -1% [-15-12%]
14
$5,000 15,607
Cannabidiol -53% [-616-68%]
3
$25
1,153
limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
All studies (pooled effects, all stages) c19early.com Jun 28, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of
stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less
effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the
efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome
analyses.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Nigella Sativa 83% [51-94%]
4
$5
967
limited data Budesonide 82% [21-96%]
1
$4 146
very limited data Bromhexine 79% [28-94%]
2
$5
96
very limited data Vitamin A 79% [39-93%]
2
$2
240
very limited data Melatonin 78% [25-94%]
2
$1
91
very limited data Lactoferrin 76% [-485-99%]
1
$5
121
very limited data Remdesivir 76% [39-90%]
2
$3,120 934
intravenous
Vitamin D 74% [45-88%]
7
$1
16,914
Povidone-Iod.. 72% [49-84%]
8
$1
1,078
limited data Proxalutamide 71% [-75-95%]
3
$500
1,175
very limited data Bamlaniv../e.. 69% [40-84%]
8
$1,250 17,980
variant dependent Antiandrogens 68% [41-83%]
2
$5
357
very limited data Aspirin 67% [-696-99%]
1
$1
280
very limited data Hydroxychlor.. 63% [53-70%]
38
$1 56,773
Ivermectin 63% [52-71%]
35
$1 56,821
Zinc 61% [-16-87%]
4
$1
3,010
limited data Casirivimab/i.. 57% [32-73%]
15
$2,100 31,102
variant dependent Famotidine 48% [-32-80%]
1
$5
55
very limited data Paxlovid 47% [11-68%]
7
$529 33,552
independent trial refused Curcumin 46% [14-66%]
8
$5
771
limited data Ensitrelvir 45% [19-63%]
1
$500 28
very limited data Molnupiravir 44% [0-69%]
7
$707 3,944
mutagenic/teratogenic Fluvoxamine 39% [-64-78%]
4
$4 876
very limited data Quercetin 38% [-8-65%]
3
$5
244
very limited data Sotrovimab 38% [-94-80%]
5
$2,100 9,369
variant dependent Favipiravir 37% [6-58%]
12
$20 9,844
limited data Peg.. Lambda 35% [-132-82%]
3
$500
2,116
subcutaneous
Probiotics 34% [21-45%]
3
$5
673
limited data Nitazoxanide 33% [-78-75%]
7
$4 2,469
Metformin 27% [-94-72%]
1
$10
418
very limited data Vitamin C 22% [-78-65%]
4
$1
445
N-acetylcys.. 21% [1-37%]
2
$1
416
very limited data Tixagev../c.. 0% [-207-68%]
1
$855 903
variant dependent Conv. Plasma -93% [-687-53%]
3
$5,000 716
very limited data Bebtelovimab -151% [-6014-90%]
1
$1,200 380
intravenous
Early treatment studies (pooled effects) c19early.com Jun 28, 2022
Favors treatment
Favors control
Random effects meta-analysis of
early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3
studies with distinct authors or with
<50 control events are shown in grey.
Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of
outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis.
Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and
synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ensovibep 89% [-127-99%]
1
$2,100
400
very limited data Cost Studies Patients Improvement Relative Risk Lactoferrin 79% [-48-97%]
1
$5
547
very limited data Nigella Sativa 79% [35-93%]
3
$5
1,113
limited data Proxalutamide 78% [70-83%]
4
$500
1,953
limited data Bromhexine 77% [-39-96%]
3
$5
550
very limited data Povidone-Iod.. 72% [8-92%]
2
$1
872
limited data Peg.. Lambda 72% [-149-97%]
1
$500
1,936
subcutaneous
Paxlovid 64% [7-86%]
5
$529 8,173
independent trial refused Vitamin A 63% [-246-96%]
4
$2
267
Curcumin 61% [29-79%]
6
$5
605
Quercetin 59% [-55-89%]
4
$5
683
limited data Probiotics 59% [29-77%]
5
$5
889
Bamlaniv../e.. 56% [5-80%]
10
$1,250 22,988
variant dependent Melatonin 54% [26-72%]
8
$1
1,828
Casirivimab/i.. 53% [15-74%]
8
$2,100 32,929
variant dependent Tixagev../c.. 52% [-9-79%]
3
$855 14,162
variant dependent Ivermectin 51% [37-62%]
46
$1 119,844
Molnupiravir 46% [-74-83%]
4
$707 12,413
mutagenic/teratogenic Exercise 44% [34-52%]
13
$0
1,437,929
Sleep 43% [10-64%]
1
$0
0
very limited data Nitazoxanide 41% [-30-73%]
5
$4 1,372
limited data Colchicine 39% [26-51%]
28
$1
21,010
Budesonide 38% [20-53%]
6
$4 2,786
Fluvoxamine 38% [-17-67%]
4
$4 2,744
Vitamin D 37% [25-47%]
47
$1
33,014
Metformin 33% [25-40%]
31
$10
74,262
Antiandrogens 31% [11-46%]
25
$5
59,469
N-acetylcys.. 29% [1-49%]
