COVID-19 early treatment: real-time analysis of 565 studies

Real-time database and meta analysis of 565 COVID-19 studies


All studies combined (pooled effects, early, late, prophylaxis)
Medication	Improvement	Studies	Authors	Patients
Proxalutamide	92% [87‑95%]	3	20	1,041
Fluvoxamine	89% [15‑99%]	2	13	277
Povidone-Iodine	85% [52‑95%]	3	29	640
Ivermectin	73% [64‑79%]	50	395	15,784
Casiri/imdevimab	70% [52‑81%]	4	4	4,793
Bamlanivimab	57% [19‑77%]	6	64	3,121
Vitamin D	55% [41‑65%]	23	230	22,708
Budesonide	54% [-96‑89%]	2	48	1,806
Colchicine	51% [24‑68%]	8	180	5,719
Bromhexine	44% [22‑60%]	5	56	291
Zinc	37% [26‑47%]	9	81	5,660
Favipiravir	30% [8‑46%]	6	100	750
Hydroxychloroquine	28% [23‑32%]	232	3,703	358,764
Remdesivir	24% [8‑38%]	14	232	22,358
Vitamin C	16% [-2‑31%]	6	74	1,020


Early treatment studies (pooled effects)
Medication	Improvement	Studies	Authors	Patients
Proxalutamide	92% [82‑96%]	2	15	451
Vitamin D	90% [64‑97%]	3	18	162
Fluvoxamine	89% [15‑99%]	2	13	277
Povidone-Iodine	85% [52‑95%]	3	29	640
Budesonide	82% [21‑96%]	1	24	146
Ivermectin	81% [62‑91%]	18	175	1,942
Bromhexine	79% [28‑94%]	2	21	96
Bamlanivimab	75% [46‑88%]	3	40	1,374
Casiri/imdevimab	66% [35‑82%]	2	2	2,879
Hydroxychloroquine	65% [50‑75%]	26	414	44,235
Zinc	42% [-111‑84%]	2	14	626
Favipiravir	38% [-2‑62%]	3	52	410
Vitamin C	18% [-191‑77%]	1	11	98


All mortality results (early, late, prophylaxis)
Medication	Improvement	Studies	Authors	Patients
Proxalutamide	91% [85‑95%]	2	12	804
Bromhexine	91% [-57‑99%]	2	18	178
Povidone-Iodine	88% [50‑97%]	1	6	606
Ivermectin	76% [58‑86%]	18	155	7,267
Vitamin D	62% [41‑75%]	13	116	8,445
Colchicine	51% [24‑68%]	8	180	5,719
Bamlanivimab	48% [-171‑90%]	3	24	1,551
Favipiravir	45% [-481‑95%]	1	10	92
Zinc	37% [26‑46%]	6	54	4,591
Hydroxychloroquine	26% [20‑32%]	142	2,492	246,222
Remdesivir	26% [7‑41%]	13	225	22,216
Vitamin C	21% [-3‑40%]	4	50	550


Early treatment mortality results
Medication	Improvement	Studies	Authors	Patients
Bamlanivimab	92% [-43‑100%]	1	1	769
Bromhexine	91% [-59‑99%]	1	11	78
Povidone-Iodine	88% [50‑97%]	1	6	606
Ivermectin	84% [37‑96%]	4	37	802
Vitamin D	83% [45‑95%]	2	13	127
Proxalutamide	81% [-290‑99%]	1	7	214
Zinc	79% [-47‑97%]	1	3	518
Hydroxychloroquine	72% [57‑82%]	11	158	40,652
Favipiravir	45% [-481‑95%]	1	10	92

We aim to cover the most promising early treatments for COVID-19. We use pre-specified effect extraction criteria that prioritizes more serious outcomes, for details see methods. For specific outcomes and different treatment stages see the individual pages. Treatments with only 3 or fewer studies are shown in grey. Not all treatments are covered here, effectiveness has been reported for many other treatments in studies. Of the 565 studies, 425 present results comparing with a control group, 373 are treatment studies, and 52 analyze outcomes based on serum levels.

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation.

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