Outcomes in COVID-19 N-acetylcysteine studies
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment 21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev 69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
Tau2 = 0.55, I2 = 81.8%, p = 0.071
Late treatment 52%
0.48 [0.22-1.06]
24/204
38/197
52% improvement Huh 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement All studies 25%
0.75 [0.61-0.91]
24/489
39/328
25% improvement 8 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 studies c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 73.5%, p = 0.0041
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
2/42
12/40
Avdeev 69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
1/24
3/22
Tau2 = 1.63, I2 = 84.8%, p = 0.12
Late treatment 67%
0.33 [0.08-1.36]
24/180
38/175
67% improvement All studies 67%
0.33 [0.08-1.36]
24/180
38/175
67% improvement 4 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mortality results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 1.63, I2 = 84.8%, p = 0.12
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT) -16%
1.16 [0.59-2.01]
16/67
14/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 14%
0.86 [0.53-1.40]
18/47
20/45
Avdeev 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
1/24
4/22
Tau2 = 0.02, I2 = 10.9%, p = 0.7
Late treatment 8%
0.92 [0.60-1.40]
35/138
38/135
8% improvement All studies 8%
0.92 [0.60-1.40]
35/138
38/135
8% improvement 3 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.02, I2 = 10.9%, p = 0.7
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT) 9%
0.91 [0.59-1.28]
29/67
32/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 20%
0.80 [0.44-1.47]
47 (n)
45 (n)
Avdeev 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
1/24
4/22
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.34
Late treatment 14%
0.86 [0.63-1.17]
30/138
36/135
14% improvement All studies 14%
0.86 [0.63-1.17]
30/138
36/135
14% improvement 3 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 ICU results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.34
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment 21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -10%
1.10 [0.37-3.23]
hosp. time
67 (n)
68 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.31-1.45]
hosp. time
47 (n)
45 (n)
Avdeev 15%
0.85 [0.75-0.96]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 15%
0.85 [0.78-0.91]
0/162
0/157
15% improvement All studies 16%
0.84 [0.78-0.90]
0/447
1/288
16% improvement 6 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.33
Early treatment 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
0/229
1/76
80% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev 69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
Tau2 = 1.63, I2 = 84.8%, p = 0.12
Late treatment 67%
0.33 [0.08-1.36]
24/180
38/175
67% improvement All studies 68%
0.32 [0.09-1.15]
24/409
39/251
68% improvement 5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 1.50, I2 = 80.1%, p = 0.08
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
no recov.
229 (n)
75 (n)
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Early treatment 83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
0/229
0/75
83% improvement Gaynitdinova (RCT) 51%
0.49 [0.32-0.75]
Ct imp.
24 (n)
22 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.60-1.22]
no recov.
25/47
28/45
Tau2 = 0.11, I2 = 74.3%, p = 0.13
Late treatment 34%
0.66 [0.38-1.13]
25/71
28/67
34% improvement All studies 58%
0.42 [0.16-1.12]
25/300
28/142
58% improvement 3 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 recovery results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.73, I2 = 95.5%, p = 0.082
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Huh 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
population-based cohort
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement All studies 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement 1 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 case result c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.33
Early treatment 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
0/229
1/76
80% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00093
Late treatment 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
21/138
23/135
15% improvement All studies 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
21/367
24/211
15% improvement 4 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00084
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
12/47
14/45
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.68
Late treatment 11%
0.89 [0.53-1.50]
21/114
23/113
11% improvement All studies 11%
0.89 [0.53-1.50]
21/114
23/113
11% improvement 2 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.68
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment 21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev 69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
Tau2 = 0.55, I2 = 81.8%, p = 0.071
Late treatment 52%
0.48 [0.22-1.06]
24/204
38/197
52% improvement All studies 33%
0.67 [0.46-0.97]
24/489
39/328
33% improvement 7 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 peer reviewed trials c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
Tau2 = 0.11, I2 = 73.8%, p = 0.035
Effect extraction pre-specified
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Altay (DB RCT) 83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
no recov.
229 (n)
75 (n)
CT1
Ignatova 20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
de Alencar (DB RCT) -3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
de Alencar (DB RCT) -16%
1.16 [0.59-2.01]
ventilation
16/67
14/68
de Alencar (DB RCT) 9%
0.91 [0.59-1.28]
ICU
29/67
32/68
de Alencar (DB RCT) -12%
1.12 [0.77-1.65]
ICU
67 (n)
68 (n)
de Alencar (DB RCT) -10%
1.10 [0.37-3.23]
hosp. time
67 (n)
68 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT) 51%
0.49 [0.32-0.75]
Ct imp.
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Taher (DB RCT) 14%
0.86 [0.53-1.40]
ventilation
18/47
20/45
Taher (DB RCT) 20%
0.80 [0.44-1.47]
ICU
47 (n)
45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.31-1.45]
hosp. time
47 (n)
45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.60-1.22]
no recov.
25/47
28/45
Assimakopoulos 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev 69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
Avdeev 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
ventilation
1/24
4/22
Avdeev 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
ICU
1/24
4/22
Avdeev 15%
0.85 [0.75-0.96]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Huh 26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 outcomes c19early.com/na Jan 16, 2022
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
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