Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All sleep studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchSleepSleep (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Azvudine Meta
Bromhexine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions

Larenas-Linnemann et al., World Allergy Organization Journal, doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476
Nov 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Sleep for COVID-19
15th treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2021
 
*, now known with p = 0.0000000019 from 15 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, and cases.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
4,100+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Review of various interventions that may enhance innate immunity against respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2. The interventions are divided into lifestyle factors (exercise, forest walking, sleep, vitamins/supplements), non-specific immune stimulants (fever, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod), and vaccines with heterologous effects (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubella vaccine). Authors review the mechanisms and evidence for each intervention, focusing on effects against respiratory tract infections. They conclude that several options seem promising for boosting innate immunity, but more research is needed specifically in the context of COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Review covers thermotherapy, sleep, and exercise.
Larenas-Linnemann et al., 30 Nov 2020, peer-reviewed, 12 authors. Contact: marlar1@prodigy.net.mx.
This PaperSleepAll
Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions
Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Noel Rodríguez-Pérez, Alfredo Arias-Cruz, María Virginia Blandón-Vijil, Blanca E Del Río-Navarro, Alan Estrada-Cardona, José E Gereda, Jorge A Luna-Pech, Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez, Ernesto Onuma-Takane, César Fireth Pozo-Beltrán, María Isabel Rojo-Gutiérrez
World Allergy Organization Journal, doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476
Introduction: In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world is confronted with a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its initial virulence mechanisms, thus escaping from first-line human defense mechanisms, enhancing innate immunity seems a good preventive strategy. Methods: Without the intention to write an official systematic review, but more to give an overview of possible strategies, in this review article we discuss several interventions that might stimulate innate immunity and thus our defense against (viral) respiratory tract infections. Some of these interventions can also stimulate the adaptive T-and B-cell responses, but our main focus is on the innate part of immunity. We divide the reviewed interventions into: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 h sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Nonspecific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod), and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, etc). Results: For each of these interventions we briefly comment on their definition, possible mechanisms and evidence of clinical efficacy or lack of it, especially focusing on respiratory tract infections, viral infections, and eventually a reduced mortality in severe respiratory infections in the intensive care unit. At the end, a summary table demonstrates the best trials supporting (or not) clinical evidence. Conclusion: Several interventions have some degree of evidence for enhancing the innate immune response and thus conveying possible benefit, but specific trials in COVID-19 should be conducted to support solid recommendations.
Ethical approval and IRB board submission As there are no patients involved: does not apply. Declaration of competing interest All authors declared or they have no potential conflicts of interest. The following authors, indicated relations with the pharmaceutical industry:
References
Ackermann, Verleden, Kuehnel, Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in covid-19, N Engl J Med
Adams, Hewison, Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metabol
Aggarwal, Sentz, Miller, Role of zinc administration in prevention of childhood diarrhea and respiratory illnesses: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics
Agrawal, Heterologous immunity: role in natural and vaccine-induced resistance to infections, Front Immunol
Ahkee, Srinath, Ramirez, Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: association of mortality with lack of fever and leukocytosis, South Med J
Alecsandru, Valor, Sanchez-Ramon, Sublingual therapeutic immunization with a polyvalent bacterial preparation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections: immunomodulatory effect on antigen-specific memory CD4þ T cells and impact on clinical outcome, Clin Exp Immunol
Alshahrani, Aljohani, Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity, Nutrients
Appenheimer, Girard, Chen, Conservation of IL-6 trans-signaling mechanisms controlling L-selectin adhesion by fever-range thermal stress, Eur J Immunol
Arts, Moorlag, Novakovic, BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity, Cell Host Microbe
Aziz, Brenner, Wang, Therapeutic Potential of B-1a Cells in COVID-19, Shock
Badurdeen, Marshall, Daish, Hatherill, Berkley, Safety and immunogenicity of early Bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination in infants who are preterm and/or have low birth weights: a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA Pediatr
Barnett, Hamer, Meydani, Low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly?, Nutr Rev
Barrett, Hayney, Muller, Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial, Ann Fam Med
Benito-Villalvilla, Cirauqui, Diez-Rivero, Casanovas, Subiza et al., MV140, a sublingual polyvalent bacterial preparation to treat recurrent urinary tract infections, licenses human dendritic cells for generating Th1, Th17, and IL-10 responses via Syk and MyD88, Mucosal Immunol
Bergman, Lindh, Bjorkhem-Bergman, Lindh, Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, PloS One
Bhutta, Black, Brown, Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group, J Pediatr
Biering-Sorensen, Aaby, Lund, Early BCG-Denmark and neonatal mortality among infants weighing <2500 g: A randomized controlled trial, Clin Infect Dis
Boretti, Banik, Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome, PharmaNutrition
Bousquet, Anto, Iaccarino, Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med
Bousquet, Schunemann, Togias, Next-generation allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and realworld evidence, J Allergy Clin Immunol
Brunt, Wiedenfeld-Needham, Comrada, Minson, Passive heat therapy protects against endothelial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation via effects of elevations in temperature and circulating factors, J Physiol
Caccuri, Bugatti, Corbellini, The synthetic dipeptide pidotimod shows a chemokine-like activity through CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), Int J Mol Sci
Campbell, Riddell, Burns, Acute exercise mobilises CD8þ T lymphocytes exhibiting an effectormemory phenotype, Brain Behav Immun
Campbell, Turner, Debunking the myth of exerciseinduced immune suppression: redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan, Front Immunol
Cannell, Vieth, Umhau, Epidemic influenza and vitamin D, Epidemiol Infect
Carmody, Baer, Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program, J Behav Med
Carr, Rosengrave, Bayer, Chambers, Mehrtens et al., Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes, Crit Care
Chen, Hu, Hood, A novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid potentially regulates immune and inflammatory response associated with coronavirus infections: a perspective from system biology analysis, Nutrients
Chien, Klugman, Morens, Efficacy of whole-cell killed bacterial vaccines in preventing pneumonia and death during the 1918 influenza pandemic, J Infect Dis
Cirauqui, Villalvilla, Sanchez-Ramon, Human dendritic cells activated with MV130 induce Th1, Th17 and IL-10 responses via RIPK2 and MyD88 signalling pathways, Eur J Immunol
Clifford, Wood, Stocks, Howatson, Stevenson et al., T-regulatory cells exhibit a biphasic response to prolonged endurance exercise in humans, Eur J Appl Physiol
Cohen, Doyle, Alper, Janicki-Deverts, Turner, Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold, Arch Intern Med
Cohen, Tyrrell, Smith, Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold, N Engl J Med
Couto, Silva, Delgado, Moreira, Exercise and airway injury in athletes, Acta Med Port
Cuello-Garcia, Perez-Gaxiola, Gutierrez, Treating BCG-induced disease in children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
De Castro, Pardo-Seco, Torres, Nonspecific (heterologous) protection of neonatal BCG vaccination against hospitalization due to respiratory infection and sepsis, Clin Infect Dis
Dimitrov, Lange, Gouttefangeas, Galphas-coupled receptor signaling and sleep regulate integrin activation of human antigen-specific T cells, J Exp Med
Dimitrov, Lange, Nohroudi, Born, Number and function of circulating human antigen presenting cells regulated by sleep, Sleep
Earn, Andrews, Bolker, Population-level effects of suppressing fever, Proc Biol Sci
Elliott, The Value of Sanitarium Treatment in Respiratory Diseases
Escobar, Molina-Cruz, Barillas-Mury, BCG vaccine protection from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Evans, Repasky, Fisher, Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat, Nat Rev Immunol
Fata, Weber, Mohajeri, Probiotics and the gut immune system: indirect regulation, Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins
Fondell, Lagerros, Sundberg, Physical activity, stress, and self-reported upper respiratory tract infection, Med Sci Sports Exerc
Galdeano, Cazorla, Dumit, Velez, Perdigon, Beneficial effects of probiotic consumption on the immune system, Ann Nutr Metab
Garcia-Hernandez, Robledo-Avila, Vd, Dialyzable leukocyte extracts activate TLR-2 on monocytes, Nat Prod Commun
Gasmi, Noor, Tippairote, Dadar, Menzel et al., Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic, Clin Immunol
Giagulli, Noerder, Avolio, Pidotimod promotes functional maturation of dendritic cells and displays adjuvant properties at the nasal mucosa level, Int Immunopharm
Gil, Kenney, Mishra, Watkin, Aslan et al., Vaccination and heterologous immunity: educating the immune system, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
Grant, Lahore, Mcdonnell, Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths, Nutrients
Grifoni, Weiskopf, Ramirez, Targets of T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals, Cell
Hamiel, Kozer, Youngster, SARS-CoV-2 rates in BCGvaccinated and unvaccinated young adults, J Am Med Assoc, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8189
Han, Jones, Tangpricha, High dose vitamin D administration in ventilated intensive care unit patients: a pilot double blind randomized controlled trial, J Clin Transl Endocrinol
Hao, Dong, Wu, Chernevskaya, Beloborodova et al., Serum and fecal profiles of aromatic microbial metabolites reflect gut microbiota disruption in critically ill patients: a prospective observational pilot study, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
He, Yi, Zhu, Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, J Med Virol, doi:10.1002/jmv.26041
Heffner, Ng, Suhr, Sleep disturbance and older adults' inflammatory responses to acute stress, Am J Geriatr Psychiatr
Hemila, Vitamin C and common cold-induced asthma: a systematic review and statistical analysis, Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol
Hemila, Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review, Open Respir Med J
Hernandez-Esquivel, Perez-Torres, Romero-Romero, The dialyzable leukocyte extract Transferon(TM) inhibits tumor growth and brain metastasis in a murine model of prostate cancer, Biomed Pharmacother
Hewison, Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity, Mol Cell Endocrinol
Higgins, Soares-Weiser, Lopez-Lopez, Thirty-six COVID-19 cases preventively vaccinated with mumps-measles-rubella vaccine: All mild course, Allergy, doi:10.1111/all.14584
Hong, Sandalova, Low, Trained immunity in newborn infants of HBV-infected mothers, Nat Commun
Huntoon, Wang, Eppolito, The acute phase protein haptoglobin regulates host immunity, J Leukoc Biol
Husson, Ley, Portal, Modulation of host defence against bacterial and viral infections by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, J Infect
Ibarra-Coronado, Martinez, Velazquez-Moctezuma, The bidirectional relationship between sleep and immunity against infections, J Immunol Res
Jayawardena, Sooriyaarachchi, Chourdakis, Jeewandara, Ranasinghe, Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: a review, Diabetes Metab Syndr
Jefferies, Weatherall, Young, Eyers, Perrin et al., The effect of antipyretic medications on mortality in critically ill patients with infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Crit Care Resusc
Kakanis, Peake, Brenu, The open window of susceptibility to infection after acute exercise in healthy young male elite athletes, Exerc Immunol Rev
Kanauchi, Andoh, Abubakar, Yamamoto, Probiotics and paraprobiotics in viral infection: clinical application and effects on the innate and acquired immune systems, Curr Pharmaceut Des
Kanmani, Kim, Immunobiotic strains modulate toll-like receptor 3 agonist induced innate antiviral immune response in human intestinal epithelial cells by modulating IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-kappaB signaling, Front Immunol
Kim, Kim, Bae, Vitamin C is an essential factor on the anti-viral immune responses through the production of interferon-alpha/beta at the initial stage of influenza A virus (H3N2) infection, Immune Netw
Kim, Su, Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19, Brain Behav Immun
King, Glanville, Sanders, Fitzgerald, Varley, Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Br J Nutr
Kleinnijenhuis, Quintin, Preijers, BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: role for non-specific protection to infection, Clin Immunol
Kohut, Cooper, Nickolaus, Russell, Cunnick, Exercise and psychosocial factors modulate immunity to influenza vaccine in elderly individuals, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
Kostka, Berthouze, Lacour, Bonnefoy, The symptomatology of upper respiratory tract infections and exercise in elderly people, Med Sci Sports Exerc
Kruger, Lechtermann, Fobker, Volker, Mooren, Exercise-induced redistribution of T lymphocytes is regulated by adrenergic mechanisms, Brain Behav Immun
Lee, Lee, Jang, Seo, Chang et al., Nonspecific effect of vaccines: immediate protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection by a live attenuated influenza vaccine, Front Microbiol
Leentjens, Kox, Stokman, BCG vaccination enhances the immunogenicity of subsequent influenza vaccination in healthy volunteers: a randomized, placebocontrolled pilot study, J Infect Dis
Li, Kobayashi, Wakayama, Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function, Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
Li, Morimoto, Kobayashi, Visiting a forest, but not a city, increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins, Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
Li, Morimoto, Nakadai, Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins, Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
Li, Nakadai, Matsushima, Phytoncides (wood essential oils) induce human natural killer cell activity, Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
Ling, Lu, Zhang, Flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata attenuate H1N1-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of influenza virus and Toll-like receptor signalling, Phytomedicine
Liso, Capitanio, Gerli, Conese, From fever to immunity: a new role for IGFBP-6?, J Cell Mol Med
Ludwig, Mcwhinnie, Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review, Br J Nurs
Luo, Liu, Li, Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Majhi, Sahoo, Yadav, Pratheek, Chattopadhyay et al., Functional expression of TRPV channels in T cells and their implications in immune regulation, FEBS J
Mak, Chan, Ng, Probiotics and COVID-19: one size does not fit all, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol
Mao, Huang, Vitamin D supplementation and risk of respiratory tract infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Scand J Infect Dis
Martineau, Jolliffe, Hooper, Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data, BMJ
Matthews, Ockene, Freedson, Rosal, Merriam et al., Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection, Med Sci Sports Exerc
Mehta, Mcauley, Brown, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, Lancet
Messina, Polito, Monda, Functional role of dietary intervention to improve the outcome of COVID-19: a hypothesis of work, Int J Mol Sci
Migliorati, 'adamio, Coppi, Nicoletti, Riccardi, Pidotimod stimulates natural killer cell activity and inhibits thymocyte cell death, Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
Mitchell, Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
Mitroulis, Ruppova, Wang, Modulation of myelopoiesis progenitors is an integral component of trained immunity, Cell
Moreira, Delgado, Moreira, Haahtela, Does exercise increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infections?, Br Med Bull
Muehleisen, Gallo, Vitamin D in allergic disease: shedding light on a complex problem, J Allergy Clin Immunol
Mulder, Ochando, Joosten, Fayad, Netea, Therapeutic targeting of trained immunity, Nat Rev Drug Discov
Myles, Zhao, Nardone, CD8þ T cells produce a dialyzable antigen-specific activator of dendritic cells, J Leukoc Biol
Netea, Joosten, Latz, Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and disease, Science
Netea, Kullberg, Van Der Meer, Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever, Clin Infect Dis
Netea, Latz, Mills, Neill, Innate immune memory: a paradigm shift in understanding host defense, Nat Immunol
Nicholls, Wen, Hall, Hickey, Wong, Activation of the sympathetic nervous system modulates neutrophil function, J Leukoc Biol
Nieman, Exercise, infection, and immunity, Int J Sports Med
Niu, Wang, Jia, Cai, Pidotimod, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials, Int Immunopharm
O'neill, Netea, BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?, Nat Rev Immunol
Oddera, Silvestri, Sacco, Eftimiadi, Rossi, Effect of pidotimod on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, Drugs Exp Clin Res
Papaioannou, Karamanou, Protogerou, Tousoulis, Heat therapy: an ancient concept re-examined in the era of advanced biomedical technologies, J Physiol
Pinacchio, Scheri, Statzu, Type I/II interferon in HIV-1-Infected patients: expression in gut mucosa and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its modification upon probiotic supplementation, J Immunol Res
Prasad, Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells, Mol Med
Prather, Janicki-Deverts, Hall, Cohen, Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold, Sleep
Puggioni, Alves-Correia, Mohamed, Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod, Multidiscip Respir Med
Ramirez-Ramirez, Vadillo, Arriaga-Pizano, Early differentiation of human CD11c(þ)NK cells with gammadelta T cell activation properties is promoted by dialyzable leukocyte extracts, J Immunol Res
Read, Obeid, Ahlenstiel, Ahlenstiel, The role of zinc in antiviral immunity, Adv Nutr
Rice, Wheeler, Thompson, Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidant supplementation in acute lung injury, J Am Med Assoc
Rodriguez-Flores, Nunez-Fernandez, Estrada-Garcia, Aguilar-Santelises, Rojas-Espinosa et al., Adjuvant treatment with a dialyzable leukocytes extract contributes to maintain HPV-infected women free of lowgrade cervical lesions, Eur J Gynaecol Oncol
Ross, Manson, Abrams, The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know, J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Roth, Richard, Black, Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials, Int J Epidemiol
Schulman, Namias, Doherty, The effect of antipyretic therapy upon outcomes in critically ill patients: a randomized, prospective study, Surg Infect
Shittu, Afolami, Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives -a better synergy for future COVID-19 clinical trials, Inf Med
Simonson, Vitamin C and coronavirus, Geriatr Nurs
Simpson, Lowder, Spielmann, Bigley, Lavoy et al., Exercise and the aging immune system, Ageing Res Rev
Sinha, Matthay, Calfee, Is a "cytokine storm" relevant to COVID-19?, JAMA Intern Med, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3313
Skalny, Rink, Ajsuvakova, Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19 (Review), Int J Mol Med
Sly, Galbraith, Islam, Holt, Troy et al., Primary prevention of severe lower respiratory illnesses in at-risk infants using the immunomodulator OM-85, J Allergy Clin Immunol
Small, Tauber, Hackbarth, Sande, Influence of body temperature on bacterial growth rates in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits, Infect Immun
Spiegel, Sheridan, Van Cauter, Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization, J Am Med Assoc
Stewart, Flynn, Campbell, Influence of exercise training and age on CD14þ cell-surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4, Brain Behav Immun
Taubenberger, Morens, Influenza: the once and future pandemic, Publ Health Rep
Teymoori-Rad, Shokri, Salimi, Marashi, The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections, Rev Med Virol
Totura, Baric, SARS coronavirus pathogenesis: host innate immune responses and viral antagonism of interferon, Curr Opin Virol
Totura, Whitmore, Agnihothram, Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, mBio
Tournier, Hellmann, Lesca, Jouan, Drouet et al., Fever-like thermal conditions regulate the activation of maturing dendritic cells, J Leukoc Biol
Trabattoni, Clerici, Centanni, Mantero, Garziano et al., Immunomodulatory effects of pidotimod in adults with community-acquired pneumonia undergoing standard antibiotic therapy, Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut
Vazquez, Resendiz-Albor, Ma, Dialyzable leukocyte extract (transferon) administration in sepsis: experience from a single referral pediatric intensive care unit, BioMed Res Int
Vuichard Gysin, Dao, Gysin, Lytvyn, Loeb, Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on respiratory tract infections in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, PloS One
Wang, Park, Rendini, Levis, Lawrence transfer factor: transference of specific immune memory by dialyzable leukocyte extract from a CD8þ T cell line, J Drugs Dermatol JDD
Wang, Xu, Sheng, Ni, Lu, Exercise amelioration of depression-like behavior in OVX mice is associated with suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus, Behav Brain Res
Wardhana, Sultana, Mandang, The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinations for the prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection in the elderly, Acta Med Indones
Welc, Clanton, The regulation of interleukin-6 implicates skeletal muscle as an integrative stress sensor and endocrine organ, Exp Physiol
Whyte, Schork, Sloan, Orringer, Kirsh, Adjuvant treatment using transfer factor for bronchogenic carcinoma: long-term follow-up, Ann Thorac Surg
Willeford, Shapiro-Dunlap, Ko, Serum derived transfer factor stimulates the innate immune system to improve survival traits in high risk pathogen scenarios, Drug Dev Res
Xiao, Xing, Yang, Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, Br J Nutr
Yakoob, Salam, Khan, Bhutta, Aa et al., Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure: the CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Yang, Islam, Wang, Li, Chen, Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective, Int J Biol Sci
Yehuda, Sredni, Carasso, Kenigsbuch-Sredni, REM sleep deprivation in rats results in inflammation and interleukin-17 elevation, J Interferon Cytokine Res
Zager, Andersen, Ruiz, Antunes, Tufik, Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
Zamani, Salehi, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad, Moderate exercise enhances the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Immune Netw
Zellner, Hergovics, Roth, Jilma, Spittler et al., Human monocyte stimulation by experimental whole body hyperthermia, Wien Klin Wochenschr
Zhang, Yeh, Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate, Synth Syst Biotechnol
Zhang, Zhang, Lv, Sa, Zhang et al., The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence, Pharmacol Res
Zhou, Liu, Yang, Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, J Evid Base Med
{ 'DOI': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476', 'ISSN': ['1939-4551'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476', 'alternative-id': ['S1939455120303793'], 'article-number': '100476', 'assertion': [ {'label': 'This article is maintained by', 'name': 'publisher', 'value': 'Elsevier'}, { 'label': 'Article Title', 'name': 'articletitle', 'value': 'Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to ' 'untangle facts from fictions'}, { 'label': 'Journal Title', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'value': 'World Allergy Organization Journal'}, { 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version', 'name': 'articlelink', 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476'}, {'label': 'Content Type', 'name': 'content_type', 'value': 'article'}, { 'label': 'Copyright', 'name': 'copyright', 'value': '© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of World Allergy ' 'Organization.'}], 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-5331', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Larenas-Linnemann', 'given': 'Désirée', 'sequence': 'first'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-4877', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Rodríguez-Pérez', 'given': 'Noel', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-4225', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Arias-Cruz', 'given': 'Alfredo', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-1901', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Blandón-Vijil', 'given': 'María Virginia', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-8869', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Del Río-Navarro', 'given': 'Blanca E.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-5712', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Estrada-Cardona', 'given': 'Alan', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Gereda', 'given': 'José E.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-964X', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Luna-Pech', 'given': 'Jorge A.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-3206', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Navarrete-Rodríguez', 'given': 'Elsy Maureen', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-5856', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Onuma-Takane', 'given': 'Ernesto', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8282-1851', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Pozo-Beltrán', 'given': 'César Fireth', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-4477', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Rojo-Gutiérrez', 'given': 'María Isabel', 'sequence': 'additional'}], 'container-title': 'World Allergy Organization Journal', 'container-title-short': 'World Allergy Organization Journal', 'content-domain': { 'crossmark-restriction': True, 'domain': ['worldallergyorganizationjournal.org', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com']}, 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 9]], 'date-time': '2020-10-09T13:12:44Z', 'timestamp': 1602249164000}, 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 25]], 'date-time': '2020-11-25T19:40:15Z', 'timestamp': 1606333215000}, 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 28]], 'date-time': '2023-11-28T22:32:15Z', 'timestamp': 1701210735744}, 'is-referenced-by-count': 29, 'issue': '11', 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11]]}, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '11', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11]]}}, 'language': 'en', 'license': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/', 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 1]], 'date-time': '2020-11-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1604188800000}}, { 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/', 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 3]], 'date-time': '2020-10-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1601683200000}}], 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1939455120303793?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1939455120303793?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'member': '78', 'original-title': [], 'page': '100476', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11]]}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11]]}, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'reference': [ { 'article-title': 'Influenza: the once and future pandemic', 'author': 'Taubenberger', 'first-page': '16', 'issue': 'Suppl 3', 'journal-title': 'Publ Health Rep', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib1', 'volume': '125', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26041', 'article-title': 'Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, ' 'asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: ' 'meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis', 'author': 'He', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Med Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib2', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/jebm.12376', 'article-title': 'Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan ' 'novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV', 'author': 'Zhou', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Evid Base Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib3', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.coviro.2012.04.004', 'article-title': 'SARS coronavirus pathogenesis: host innate immune responses and viral ' 'antagonism of interferon', 'author': 'Totura', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '264', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Curr Opin Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib4', 'volume': '2', 'year': '2012'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression', 'author': 'Mehta', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1033', 'issue': '10229', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib5', 'volume': '395', 'year': '2020'}, { 'article-title': 'Is a "cytokine storm" relevant to COVID-19? [published online ahead of ' 'print, 2020 jun 30]', 'author': 'Sinha', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib6', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015', 'article-title': 'Targets of T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with ' 'COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals', 'author': 'Grifoni', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1489', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Cell', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib7', 'volume': '181', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1097/SHK.0000000000001610', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic Potential of B-1a Cells in COVID-19', 'author': 'Aziz', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'Shock', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib8', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1097/00005768-200208000-00003', 'article-title': 'Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory ' 'tract infection', 'author': 'Matthews', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1242', 'issue': '8', 'journal-title': 'Med Sci Sports Exerc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib9', 'volume': '34', 'year': '2002'}, { 'DOI': '10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181edf108', 'article-title': 'Physical activity, stress, and self-reported upper respiratory tract ' 'infection', 'author': 'Fondell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '272', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Med Sci Sports Exerc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib10', 'volume': '43', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1097/00005768-200001000-00008', 'article-title': 'The symptomatology of upper respiratory tract infections and exercise ' 'in elderly people', 'author': 'Kostka', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '46', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Med Sci Sports Exerc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib11', 'volume': '32', 'year': '2000'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.003', 'article-title': 'Exercise and the aging immune system', 'author': 'Simpson', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '404', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Ageing Res Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib12', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2012'}, { 'DOI': '10.4110/in.2017.17.3.186', 'article-title': 'Moderate exercise enhances the production of interferon-gamma and ' 'interleukin-12 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells', 'author': 'Zamani', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '186', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Immune Netw', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib13', 'volume': '17', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.011', 'article-title': 'Acute exercise mobilises CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibiting an ' 'effector-memory phenotype', 'author': 'Campbell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '767', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib14', 'volume': '23', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2007.08.008', 'article-title': 'Exercise-induced redistribution of T lymphocytes is regulated by ' 'adrenergic mechanisms', 'author': 'Kruger', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '324', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib15', 'volume': '22', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.1007/s00421-017-3667-0', 'article-title': 'T-regulatory cells exhibit a biphasic response to prolonged endurance ' 'exercise in humans', 'author': 'Clifford', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1727', 'issue': '8', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Appl Physiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib16', 'volume': '117', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/57.9.M557', 'article-title': 'Exercise and psychosocial factors modulate immunity to influenza ' 'vaccine in elderly individuals', 'author': 'Kohut', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'M557', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib17', 'volume': '57', 'year': '2002'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/mBio.00638-15', 'article-title': 'Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective ' 'innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ' 'infection', 'author': 'Totura', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'mBio', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib18', 'volume': '6', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2005.04.003', 'article-title': 'Influence of exercise training and age on CD14+ cell-surface expression ' 'of toll-like receptor 2 and 4', 'author': 'Stewart', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '389', 'issue': '5', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib19', 'volume': '19', 'year': '2005'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.044', 'article-title': 'Exercise amelioration of depression-like behavior in OVX mice is ' 'associated with suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ' 'hippocampus', 'author': 'Wang', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '18', 'journal-title': 'Behav Brain Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib20', 'volume': '307', 'year': '2016'}, { 'article-title': 'The open window of susceptibility to infection after acute exercise in ' 'healthy young male elite athletes', 'author': 'Kakanis', 'first-page': '119', 'journal-title': 'Exerc Immunol Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib21', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/bmb/ldp010', 'article-title': 'Does exercise increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infections?', 'author': 'Moreira', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '111', 'journal-title': 'Br Med Bull', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib22', 'volume': '90', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.1055/s-2007-1021128', 'article-title': 'Exercise, infection, and immunity', 'author': 'Nieman', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S131', 'issue': 'Suppl 3', 'journal-title': 'Int J Sports Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib23', 'volume': '15', 'year': '1994'}, { 'article-title': 'Exercise and airway injury in athletes', 'author': 'Couto', 'first-page': '56', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Acta Med Port', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib24', 'volume': '26', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648', 'article-title': 'Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: redefining ' 'the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan', 'author': 'Campbell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '648', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib25', 'volume': '9', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1080/08923970600809439', 'article-title': 'Phytoncides (wood essential oils) induce human natural killer cell ' 'activity', 'author': 'Li', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '319', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib26', 'volume': '28', 'year': '2006'}, { 'DOI': '10.1177/03946320070200S202', 'article-title': 'Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of ' 'anti-cancer proteins', 'author': 'Li', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib27', 'volume': '20', 'year': '2007'}, { 'DOI': '10.1177/039463200802100113', 'article-title': 'Visiting a forest, but not a city, increases human natural killer ' 'activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins', 'author': 'Li', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '117', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib28', 'volume': '21', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.1177/039463200902200410', 'article-title': 'Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function', 'author': 'Li', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '951', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib29', 'volume': '22', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.025', 'article-title': 'Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19', 'author': 'Kim', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib30', 'volume': '87', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1084/jem.20181169', 'article-title': 'Galphas-coupled receptor signaling and sleep regulate integrin ' 'activation of human antigen-specific T cells', 'author': 'Dimitrov', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '517', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Exp Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib31', 'volume': '216', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/sleep/30.4.401', 'article-title': 'Number and function of circulating human antigen presenting cells ' 'regulated by sleep', 'author': 'Dimitrov', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '401', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Sleep', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib32', 'volume': '30', 'year': '2007'}, { 'DOI': '10.1089/jir.2008.0080', 'article-title': 'REM sleep deprivation in rats results in inflammation and ' 'interleukin-17 elevation', 'author': 'Yehuda', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '393', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Interferon Cytokine Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib33', 'volume': '29', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2007', 'article-title': 'Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats', 'author': 'Zager', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'R504', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib34', 'volume': '293', 'year': '2007'}, { 'article-title': 'The bidirectional relationship between sleep and immunity against ' 'infections', 'author': 'Ibarra-Coronado', 'first-page': '678164', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Immunol Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib35', 'volume': '2015', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1097/JGP.0b013e31824361de', 'article-title': "Sleep disturbance and older adults' inflammatory responses to acute " 'stress', 'author': 'Heffner', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '744', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'Am J Geriatr Psychiatr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib36', 'volume': '20', 'year': '2012'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.288.12.1469', 'article-title': 'Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization', 'author': 'Spiegel', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1471', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Am Med Assoc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib37', 'volume': '288', 'year': '2002'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505', 'article-title': 'Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold', 'author': 'Cohen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '62', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Arch Intern Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib38', 'volume': '169', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.5665/sleep.4968', 'article-title': 'Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold', 'author': 'Prather', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1353', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'Sleep', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib39', 'volume': '38', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJM199108293250903', 'article-title': 'Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold', 'author': 'Cohen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '606', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'N\xa0Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib40', 'volume': '325', 'year': '1991'}, { 'DOI': '10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7', 'article-title': 'Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, ' 'medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a ' 'mindfulness-based stress reduction program', 'author': 'Carmody', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '23', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Behav Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib41', 'volume': '31', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.1370/afm.1376', 'article-title': 'Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a ' 'randomized controlled trial', 'author': 'Barrett', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '337', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Ann Fam Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib42', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2012'}, { 'DOI': '10.1017/S0950268806007175', 'article-title': 'Epidemic influenza and vitamin D', 'author': 'Cannell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1129', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Epidemiol Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib43', 'volume': '134', 'year': '2006'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.013', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity', 'author': 'Hewison', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '103', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Mol Cell Endocrinol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib44', 'volume': '321', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/rmv.2032', 'article-title': 'The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections', 'author': 'Teymoori-Rad', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Rev Med Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib45', 'volume': '29', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1562', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D in allergic disease: shedding light on a complex problem', 'author': 'Muehleisen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '324', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Allergy Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib46', 'volume': '131', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/ncpendmet0716', 'article-title': 'Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of ' 'innate and adaptive immunity', 'author': 'Adams', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '80', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metabol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib47', 'volume': '4', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12040988', 'article-title': 'Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza ' 'and COVID-19 infections and deaths', 'author': 'Grant', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib48', 'volume': '12', 'year': '2020'}, { 'article-title': 'High dose vitamin D administration in ventilated intensive care unit ' 'patients: a pilot double blind randomized controlled trial', 'author': 'Han', 'first-page': '59', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Transl Endocrinol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib49', 'volume': '4', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0065835', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'author': 'Bergman', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'PloS One', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib50', 'volume': '8', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i6583', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract ' 'infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual ' 'participant data', 'author': 'Martineau', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'i6583', 'journal-title': 'BMJ', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib51', 'volume': '356', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0162996', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on respiratory tract infections in ' 'healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ' 'randomized controlled trials', 'author': 'Vuichard Gysin', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'PloS One', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib52', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1017/S000711451500207X', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood acute ' 'respiratory infections: a systematic review of randomised controlled ' 'trials', 'author': 'Xiao', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1026', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nutr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib53', 'volume': '114', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2010-2704', 'article-title': 'The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D ' 'from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know', 'author': 'Ross', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '53', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Endocrinol Metab', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib54', 'volume': '96', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015', 'article-title': 'Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on ' 'COVID-19: a review', 'author': 'Jayawardena', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '367', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab Syndr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib55', 'volume': '14', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2', 'article-title': 'Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?', 'author': 'Mitchell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '570', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib56', 'volume': '8', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/nu5093605', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity', 'author': 'Alshahrani', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3605', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib57', 'volume': '5', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190', 'article-title': 'Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute ' 'respiratory distress syndrome', 'author': 'Boretti', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '100190', 'journal-title': 'PharmaNutrition', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib58', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.4110/in.2013.13.2.70', 'article-title': 'Vitamin C is an essential factor on the anti-viral immune responses ' 'through the production of interferon-alpha/beta at the initial stage of ' 'influenza A virus (H3N2) infection', 'author': 'Kim', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '70', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Immune Netw', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib59', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.1186/1710-1492-9-46', 'article-title': 'Vitamin C and common cold-induced asthma: a systematic review and ' 'statistical analysis', 'author': 'Hemila', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '46', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib60', 'volume': '9', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12041193', 'article-title': 'A\xa0novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid ' 'potentially regulates immune and inflammatory response associated with ' 'coronavirus infections: a perspective from system biology analysis', 'author': 'Chen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib61', 'volume': '12', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y', 'article-title': 'Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients ' 'despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes', 'author': 'Carr', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '300', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib62', 'volume': '21', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.05.002', 'article-title': 'Vitamin C and coronavirus', 'author': 'Simonson', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '331', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Geriatr Nurs', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib63', 'volume': '41', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms21093104', 'article-title': 'Functional role of dietary intervention to improve the outcome of ' 'COVID-19: a hypothesis of work', 'author': 'Messina', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib64', 'volume': '21', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2015432', 'article-title': 'Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in ' 'covid-19', 'author': 'Ackermann', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '120', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'N\xa0Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib65', 'volume': '383', 'year': '2020'}, { 'article-title': 'Modulation of host defence against bacterial and viral infections by ' 'omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'author': 'Husson', 'first-page': '523', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib66', 'volume': '73', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153150', 'article-title': 'Flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata attenuate H1N1-induced acute lung ' 'injury in mice via inhibition of influenza virus and Toll-like receptor ' 'signalling', 'author': 'Ling', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '153150', 'journal-title': 'Phytomedicine', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib67', 'volume': '67', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clim.2020.108409', 'article-title': 'Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options ' 'for the COVID-19 pandemic', 'author': 'Gasmi', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '108409', 'journal-title': 'Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib68', 'volume': '215', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882', 'article-title': 'The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 ' 'based on current evidence', 'author': 'Zhang', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '104882', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib69', 'volume': '157', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.7150/ijbs.45538', 'article-title': 'Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with ' '2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective', 'author': 'Yang', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1708', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'Int J Biol Sci', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib70', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105995', 'article-title': 'Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious ' 'therapeutic agent for COVID-19', 'author': 'Luo', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105995', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib71', 'volume': '55', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/advances/nmz013', 'article-title': 'The role of zinc in antiviral immunity', 'author': 'Read', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib72', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2019'}, { 'article-title': 'Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19 ' '(Review)', 'author': 'Skalny', 'first-page': '17', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib73', 'volume': '46', 'year': '2020'}, { 'article-title': 'Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against ' 'SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives - a better synergy for future ' 'COVID-19 clinical trials', 'author': 'Shittu', 'first-page': '192', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Inf Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib74', 'volume': '28', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.2119/2008-00033.Prasad', 'article-title': 'Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells', 'author': 'Prasad', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '353', 'issue': '5-6', 'journal-title': 'Mol Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib75', 'volume': '14', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.1542/peds.2006-3481', 'article-title': 'Role of zinc administration in prevention of childhood diarrhea and ' 'respiratory illnesses: a meta-analysis', 'author': 'Aggarwal', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1120', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Pediatrics', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib76', 'volume': '119', 'year': '2007'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00253.x', 'article-title': 'Low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly?', 'author': 'Barnett', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '30', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Nutr Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib77', 'volume': '68', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70086-7', 'article-title': 'Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in ' 'children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized ' "controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group", 'author': 'Bhutta', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '689', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Pediatr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib78', 'volume': '135', 'year': '1999'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/ije/dyp391', 'article-title': 'Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory ' 'infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and ' 'meta-regression of randomized trials', 'author': 'Roth', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '795', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Int J Epidemiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib79', 'volume': '39', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.2174/1874306401105010051', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review', 'author': 'Hemila', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '51', 'journal-title': 'Open Respir Med J', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib80', 'volume': '5', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/nri3843', 'article-title': 'Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels ' 'the heat', 'author': 'Evans', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '335', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib81', 'volume': '15', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1189/jlb.1002506', 'article-title': 'Fever-like thermal conditions regulate the activation of maturing ' 'dendritic cells', 'author': 'Tournier', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '493', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Leukoc Biol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib82', 'volume': '73', 'year': '2003'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/eji.200636421', 'article-title': 'Conservation of IL-6 trans-signaling mechanisms controlling L-selectin ' 'adhesion by fever-range thermal stress', 'author': 'Appenheimer', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2856', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib83', 'volume': '37', 'year': '2007'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/jcmm.13738', 'article-title': 'From fever to immunity: a new role for IGFBP-6?', 'author': 'Liso', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4588', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Cell Mol Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib84', 'volume': '22', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1086/317513', 'article-title': 'Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever', 'author': 'Netea', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S178', 'issue': 'Suppl 5', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib85', 'volume': '31', 'year': '2000'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/JLB.3MA0517-194RR', 'article-title': 'Activation of the sympathetic nervous system modulates neutrophil ' 'function', 'author': 'Nicholls', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '295', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Leukoc Biol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib86', 'volume': '103', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068189', 'article-title': 'The regulation of interleukin-6 implicates skeletal muscle as an ' 'integrative stress sensor and endocrine organ', 'author': 'Welc', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '359', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Exp Physiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib87', 'volume': '98', 'year': '2013'}, { 'article-title': 'Human monocyte stimulation by experimental whole body hyperthermia', 'author': 'Zellner', 'first-page': '102', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Wien Klin Wochenschr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib88', 'volume': '114', 'year': '2002'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/febs.13306', 'article-title': 'Functional expression of TRPV channels in T cells and their ' 'implications in immune regulation', 'author': 'Majhi', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2661', 'issue': '14', 'journal-title': 'FEBS J', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib89', 'volume': '282', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1189/jlb.0208100', 'article-title': 'The acute phase protein haptoglobin regulates host immunity', 'author': 'Huntoon', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '170', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Leukoc Biol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib90', 'volume': '84', 'year': '2008'}, { 'DOI': '10.1113/JP273136', 'article-title': 'Heat therapy: an ancient concept re-examined in the era of advanced ' 'biomedical technologies', 'author': 'Papaioannou', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7141', 'issue': '23', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Physiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib91', 'volume': '594', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1113/JP276559', 'article-title': 'Passive heat therapy protects against endothelial cell ' 'hypoxia-reoxygenation via effects of elevations in temperature and ' 'circulating factors', 'author': 'Brunt', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4831', 'issue': '20', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Physiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib92', 'volume': '596', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1097/00007611-199703000-00006', 'article-title': 'Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: association of mortality ' 'with lack of fever and leukocytosis', 'author': 'Ahkee', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '296', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'South Med J', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib93', 'volume': '90', 'year': '1997'}, { 'DOI': '10.1089/sur.2005.6.369', 'article-title': 'The effect of antipyretic therapy upon outcomes in critically ill ' 'patients: a randomized, prospective study', 'author': 'Schulman', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '369', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Surg Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib94', 'volume': '6', 'year': '2005'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/IAI.52.2.484-487.1986', 'article-title': 'Influence of body temperature on bacterial growth rates in experimental ' 'pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits', 'author': 'Small', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '484', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Infect Immun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib95', 'volume': '52', 'year': '1986'}, { 'author': 'Elliott', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib96', 'series-title': 'The Value of Sanitarium Treatment in Respiratory Diseases', 'year': '1919'}, { 'DOI': '10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610', 'article-title': 'Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature ' 'review', 'author': 'Ludwig', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '610', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nurs', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib97', 'volume': '28', 'year': '2019'}, { 'article-title': 'The effect of antipyretic medications on mortality in critically ill ' 'patients with infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Jefferies', 'first-page': '125', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care Resusc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib98', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2011'}, { 'article-title': 'Population-level effects of suppressing fever', 'author': 'Earn', 'first-page': '20132570', 'issue': '1778', 'journal-title': 'Proc Biol Sci', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib99', 'volume': '281', 'year': '2014'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41573-019-0025-4', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic targeting of trained immunity', 'author': 'Mulder', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '553', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Drug Discov', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib100', 'volume': '18', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clim.2014.10.005', 'article-title': 'BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: role for non-specific ' 'protection to infection', 'author': 'Kleinnijenhuis', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '213', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib101', 'volume': '155', 'year': '2014'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/ni.3178', 'article-title': 'Innate immune memory: a paradigm shift in understanding host defense', 'author': 'Netea', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '675', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Nat Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib102', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1126/science.aaf1098', 'article-title': 'Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and ' 'disease', 'author': 'Netea', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'aaf1098', 'issue': '6284', 'journal-title': 'Science', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib103', 'volume': '352', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/eji.201747024', 'article-title': 'Human dendritic cells activated with MV130 induce Th1, Th17 and IL-10 ' 'responses via RIPK2 and MyD88 signalling pathways', 'author': 'Cirauqui', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '180', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib104', 'volume': '48', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/mi.2016.112', 'article-title': 'MV140, a sublingual polyvalent bacterial preparation to treat recurrent ' 'urinary tract infections, licenses human dendritic cells for generating ' 'Th1, Th17, and IL-10 responses via Syk and MyD88', 'author': 'Benito-Villalvilla', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '924', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Mucosal Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib105', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.034', 'article-title': 'Modulation of myelopoiesis progenitors is an integral component of ' 'trained immunity', 'author': 'Mitroulis', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '147', 'issue': '1-2', 'journal-title': 'Cell', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib106', 'volume': '172', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1086/657144', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of whole-cell killed bacterial vaccines in preventing ' 'pneumonia and death during the 1918 influenza pandemic', 'author': 'Chien', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1639', 'issue': '11', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib107', 'volume': '202', 'year': '2010'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04320.x', 'article-title': 'Sublingual therapeutic immunization with a polyvalent bacterial ' 'preparation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections: ' 'immunomodulatory effect on antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells and ' 'impact on clinical outcome', 'author': 'Alecsandru', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '100', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Clin Exp Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib108', 'volume': '164', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.032', 'article-title': 'Primary prevention of severe lower respiratory illnesses in at-risk ' 'infants using the immunomodulator OM-85', 'author': 'Sly', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '870', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Allergy Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib109', 'volume': '144', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/ncomms7588', 'article-title': 'Trained immunity in newborn infants of HBV-infected mothers', 'author': 'Hong', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '6588', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib110', 'volume': '6', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1007/s12602-017-9322-6', 'article-title': 'Probiotics and the gut immune system: indirect regulation', 'author': 'La Fata', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '11', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib111', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1159/000496426', 'article-title': 'Beneficial effects of probiotic consumption on the immune system', 'author': 'Maldonado Galdeano', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '115', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Ann Nutr Metab', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib112', 'volume': '74', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2019.01536', 'article-title': 'Immunobiotic strains modulate toll-like receptor 3 agonist induced ' 'innate antiviral immune response in human intestinal epithelial cells ' 'by modulating IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-kappaB signaling', 'author': 'Kanmani', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1536', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib113', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2019'}, { 'article-title': 'Type I/II interferon in HIV-1-Infected patients: expression in gut ' 'mucosa and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its modification ' 'upon probiotic supplementation', 'author': 'Pinacchio', 'first-page': '1738676', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Immunol Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib114', 'volume': '2018', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.synbio.2018.03.001', 'article-title': 'Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune ' 'stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate', 'author': 'Zhang', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '113', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Synth Syst Biotechnol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib115', 'volume': '3', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.2174/1381612824666180116163411', 'article-title': 'Probiotics and paraprobiotics in viral infection: clinical application ' 'and effects on the innate and acquired immune systems', 'author': 'Kanauchi', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '710', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Curr Pharmaceut Des', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib116', 'volume': '24', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30122-9', 'article-title': 'Probiotics and COVID-19: one size does not fit all', 'author': 'Mak', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '644', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib117', 'volume': '5', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114514000075', 'article-title': 'Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy ' 'children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious ' 'conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'King', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '41', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nutr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib118', 'volume': '112', 'year': '2014'}, { 'article-title': 'Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections', 'author': 'Hao', 'first-page': 'CD006895', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib119', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-020-03031-0', 'article-title': 'Serum and fecal profiles of aromatic microbial metabolites reflect gut ' 'microbiota disruption in critically ill patients: a prospective ' 'observational pilot study', 'author': 'Chernevskaya', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '312', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib120', 'volume': '24', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0', 'article-title': 'Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates ' 'between and within countries?', 'author': 'Bousquet', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '16', 'journal-title': 'Clin Transl Allergy', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib121', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.3181/00379727-71-17242', 'article-title': 'The cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin in ' 'man', 'author': 'Lawrence', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '516', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Proc Soc Exp Biol Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib122', 'volume': '71', 'year': '1949'}, { 'DOI': '10.1189/jlb.3A0216-082R', 'article-title': 'CD8+ T cells produce a dialyzable antigen-specific activator of ' 'dendritic cells', 'author': 'Myles', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '307', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Leukoc Biol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib123', 'volume': '101', 'year': '2017'}, { 'article-title': 'Lawrence transfer factor: transference of specific immune memory by ' 'dialyzable leukocyte extract from a CD8+ T cell line', 'author': 'Wang', 'first-page': '1198', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Drugs Dermatol JDD', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib124', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2017'}, { 'article-title': 'Early differentiation of human CD11c(+)NK cells with gammadelta T cell ' 'activation properties is promoted by dialyzable leukocyte extracts', 'author': 'Ramirez-Ramirez', 'first-page': '4097642', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Immunol Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib125', 'volume': '2016', 'year': '2016'}, { 'article-title': 'Adjuvant treatment with a dialyzable leukocytes extract contributes to ' 'maintain HPV-infected women free of low-grade cervical lesions', 'author': 'Rodriguez-Flores', 'first-page': '655', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Gynaecol Oncol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib126', 'volume': '36', 'year': '2015'}, { 'article-title': 'Dialyzable leukocyte extracts activate TLR-2 on monocytes', 'author': 'Garcia-Hernandez', 'first-page': '853', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Nat Prod Commun', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib127', 'volume': '9', 'year': '2014'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.012', 'article-title': 'The dialyzable leukocyte extract Transferon(TM) inhibits tumor growth ' 'and brain metastasis in a murine model of prostate cancer', 'author': 'Hernandez-Esquivel', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '938', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Pharmacother', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib128', 'volume': '101', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1155/2019/8980506', 'article-title': 'Dialyzable leukocyte extract (transferon) administration in sepsis: ' 'experience from a single referral pediatric intensive care unit', 'author': 'Castrejon Vazquez', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '8980506', 'journal-title': 'BioMed Res Int', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib129', 'volume': '2019', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/ddr.21392', 'article-title': 'Serum derived transfer factor stimulates the innate immune system to ' 'improve survival traits in high risk pathogen scenarios', 'author': 'Willeford', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '189', 'issue': '5', 'journal-title': 'Drug Dev Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib130', 'volume': '78', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/0003-4975(92)90256-4', 'article-title': 'Adjuvant treatment using transfer factor for bronchogenic carcinoma: ' 'long-term follow-up', 'author': 'Whyte', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '391', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Ann Thorac Surg', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib131', 'volume': '53', 'year': '1992'}, { 'DOI': '10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2', 'article-title': 'Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod', 'author': 'Puggioni', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '31', 'journal-title': 'Multidiscip Respir Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib132', 'volume': '14', 'year': '2019'}, { 'article-title': '[Effect of pidotimod on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of ' 'Staphylococcus aureus by human circulating polymorphonuclear ' 'neutrophils and alveolar macrophages]', 'author': 'Oddera', 'first-page': '27', 'issue': 'Suppl', 'journal-title': 'Drugs Exp Clin Res', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib133', 'volume': '19', 'year': '1993'}, { 'DOI': '10.3109/08923979209009231', 'article-title': 'Pidotimod stimulates natural killer cell activity and inhibits ' 'thymocyte cell death', 'author': 'Migliorati', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '737', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib134', 'volume': '14', 'year': '1992'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms20215287', 'article-title': 'The synthetic dipeptide pidotimod shows a chemokine-like activity ' 'through CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)', 'author': 'Caccuri', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '21', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib135', 'volume': '20', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.010', 'article-title': 'Pidotimod promotes functional maturation of dendritic cells and ' 'displays adjuvant properties at the nasal mucosa level', 'author': 'Giagulli', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1366', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharm', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib136', 'volume': '9', 'year': '2009'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pupt.2017.03.005', 'article-title': 'Immunomodulatory effects of pidotimod in adults with community-acquired ' 'pneumonia undergoing standard antibiotic therapy', 'author': 'Trabattoni', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '24', 'journal-title': 'Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib137', 'volume': '44', 'year': '2017'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.043', 'article-title': 'Pidotimod, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract ' 'infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'author': 'Niu', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '35', 'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharm', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib138', 'volume': '67', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4038', 'article-title': 'Safety and immunogenicity of early Bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination ' 'in infants who are preterm and/or have low birth weights: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Badurdeen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '75', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Pediatr', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib139', 'volume': '173', 'year': '2019'}, { 'article-title': 'Treating BCG-induced disease in children', 'author': 'Cuello-Garcia', 'first-page': 'CD008300', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib140', 'volume': '1', 'year': '2013'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/civ144', 'article-title': 'Nonspecific (heterologous) protection of neonatal BCG vaccination ' 'against hospitalization due to respiratory infection and sepsis', 'author': 'de Castro', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1611', 'issue': '11', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib141', 'volume': '60', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/cix525', 'article-title': 'Early BCG-Denmark and neonatal mortality among infants weighing <2500 ' 'g: A randomized controlled trial', 'author': 'Biering-Sorensen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1183', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib142', 'volume': '65', 'year': '2017'}, { 'article-title': 'The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinations for the ' 'prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection in the elderly', 'author': 'Wardhana', 'first-page': '185', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Acta Med Indones', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib143', 'volume': '43', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiv332', 'article-title': 'BCG vaccination enhances the immunogenicity of subsequent influenza ' 'vaccination in healthy volunteers: a randomized, placebo-controlled ' 'pilot study', 'author': 'Leentjens', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1930', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib144', 'volume': '212', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.010', 'article-title': 'BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans ' 'through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity', 'author': 'Arts', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '89', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Cell Host Microbe', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib145', 'volume': '23', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.2008410117', 'article-title': 'BCG vaccine protection from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'author': 'Escobar', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '17720', 'issue': '30', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib146', 'volume': '117', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8189', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 rates in BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated young adults', 'author': 'Hamiel', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2340', 'issue': '22', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Am Med Assoc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib147', 'volume': '323', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41577-020-0337-y', 'article-title': 'BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?', 'author': "O'Neill", 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '335', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib148', 'volume': '20', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2019.02631', 'article-title': 'Heterologous immunity: role in natural and vaccine-induced resistance ' 'to infections', 'author': 'Agrawal', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2631', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib149', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/trstmh/tru198', 'article-title': 'Vaccination and heterologous immunity: educating the immune system', 'author': 'Gil', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '62', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib150', 'volume': '109', 'year': '2015'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2018.00083', 'article-title': 'Non-specific effect of vaccines: immediate protection against ' 'respiratory syncytial virus infection by a live attenuated influenza ' 'vaccine', 'author': 'Lee', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '83', 'journal-title': 'Front Microbiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib151', 'volume': '9', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.3109/00365548.2013.803293', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation and risk of respiratory tract infections: a ' 'meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'author': 'Mao', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'Scand J Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib152', 'volume': '45', 'year': '2013'}, { 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under ' 'five years of age', 'author': 'Yakoob', 'first-page': 'CD008824', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib153', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2019.11825', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of ' 'inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe ' 'acute respiratory failure: the CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial', 'author': 'Fowler', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1261', 'issue': '13', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Am Med Assoc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib154', 'volume': '322', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049', 'article-title': 'Next-generation allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) ' 'guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on grading of recommendations ' 'assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence', 'author': 'Bousquet', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '70', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Allergy Clin Immunol', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib155', 'volume': '145', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2011.1435', 'article-title': 'Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidant ' 'supplementation in acute lung injury', 'author': 'Rice', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1574', 'issue': '14', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Am Med Assoc', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib156', 'volume': '306', 'year': '2011'}, { 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i5170', 'article-title': 'Association of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines with childhood ' 'mortality: systematic review', 'author': 'Higgins', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'i5170', 'journal-title': 'BMJ', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib157', 'volume': '355', 'year': '2016'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/all.14584', 'article-title': 'Thirty-six COVID-19 cases preventively vaccinated with ' 'mumps-measles-rubella vaccine: All mild course', 'author': 'Larenas-Linnemann', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'Allergy', 'key': '10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476_bib158', 'year': '2020'}], 'reference-count': 158, 'references-count': 158, 'relation': {}, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1939455120303793'}}, 'score': 1, 'short-title': [], 'source': 'Crossref', 'subject': ['Immunology and Allergy', 'Immunology', 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'], 'subtitle': [], 'title': 'Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from ' 'fictions', 'type': 'journal-article', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'volume': '13'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit