Other Early Treatments for COVID-19

Other Early Treatments for COVID-19

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Other treatments reported as potentially beneficial for early treatment of COVID-19 in studies. We have not reviewed these studies.

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amitriptyline

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/pdf/S2666-3791(20)30186-5.pdf

apalutamide

https://www.pnas.org/content/118/1/e2021450118 (In Vitro)

ARD-61

https://www.pnas.org/content/118/1/e2021450118 (In Vitro)

Artemisia annua, amodiaquine, artemisinin

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039917v3

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874121002439

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34306988/

AZD7442

https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/azd7442-prophylaxis-trial-met..

Azelastine

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.15.296228v1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8144927/

brazilin

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253489

carvedilol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286244/pdf/main.pdf

Cetylpyridinium Chloride

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359257v1 (In Vitro)

darolutamide

https://www.pnas.org/content/118/1/e2021450118 (In Vitro)

desloratadine, Clarinex

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889471/ (In Vitro)

enzalutamide

https://www.pnas.org/content/118/1/e2021450118 (In Vitro)

EXO-CD24

https://www.jpost.com/health-science/covid-90-percent-of-patients-treated-with-new-israeli..

famotodine

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.633680/full

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33625612/

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3646583

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-526394/v1

fenofibrate

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-770724/v1

https://www.frontiersin.orgZ/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.660490/full

fluoxetine

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2020.1829082

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3896539

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-85049-0

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govZ/32975484/

Fostamatinib

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S104620232100205X (In Silico)

fucoidan

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/fo/d0fo02017f/unauth

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589014X20302450https://www.mdpi.com/16..

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0144861721009541

Green Tea

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375189/ (In Vitro)

Griffithsin

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/8/418

Hesperidin, Hesperetin

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2800

Indomethacin

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.24.21261007v2 (RCT)

L-Lysine

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345916326_Amino_Acid_L-Lysine_SARS-CoV-2_COVID-19..

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344210822_Lysine_Therapy_for_SARS-CoV-2

loratadine, Claritin

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889471/ (In Vitro)

Luteolin

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34236507/ (In Silico)

N-Acetylcysteine, NAC

https://www.dovepress.com/n-acetylcysteine-to-combat-covid-19-an-evidence-review-peer-revi..

Nigella Sativa, Kalonji, thymoquinone, black seed, black cumin seed

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537189121000719?via%3Dihub

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1440-1681.13553

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229921001102

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42269-021-00517-x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347483/

nitric oxide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8117664/pdf/main.pdf

Omega 3, DHA/EPA

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952327821000132

https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-021-02795-5

https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.161051252.26168891

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221010087

paroxetine

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286244/pdf/main.pdf

pegylated interferon alfa-2b, PEG IFN-α2b

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221006779 (RCT)

Pomegranate, Punica granatum, punicalagin, punicalan, urolithin A

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-020-03981-7

https://psmpublishers.org/issues/the-use-of-fresh-pomegranate-juice-in-the-treatment-of-co..

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045206821005228

propolis

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221003115?via%3Dihub (RCT)

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.20248932v1

Pyramax, Pyronaridine-Artesunate

https://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=11556

sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharide, SCSP

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/fo/d0fo02017f/unauth

Spirulina

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375189/ (In Vitro)

theaflavin-3,3’-digallate

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253489

toremifene

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039917v3

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19 is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are available from the FLCCC.

Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.

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