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40 metformin COVID-19 controlled studies, 1 RCTs
57% improvement
for early treatment, RR
0.43
[0.21-0.89]
https://c19early.com/mfmeta.html
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Reis (DB RCT)
27%
0.73 [0.28-1.94]
death
7/215
9/203
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Reis (DB RCT)
6%
0.94 [0.55-1.61]
hosp.
24/215
24/203
Reis (DB RCT)
39%
0.61 [0.26-1.41]
hosp.
8/168
14/179
Reis (DB RCT)
-14%
1.14 [0.73-1.81]
hosp./ER
34/215
28/203
Reis (DB RCT)
12%
0.88 [0.45-1.71]
hosp./ER
14/168
17/179
Reis (DB RCT)
31%
0.69 [0.28-1.68]
progression
8/216
11/205
Reis (DB RCT)
26%
0.74 [0.29-1.90]
progression
7/171
10/181
Reis (DB RCT)
1%
0.99 [0.88-1.11]
viral+
215 (n)
203 (n)
Hunt
67%
0.33 [0.25-0.43]
death
73/3,956
1,539/22,552
Tamura
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.58]
death
115 (n)
73 (n)
Luo
75%
0.25 [0.07-0.84]
death
3/104
22/179
Wang
58%
0.42 [0.01-1.98]
death
1/9
13/49
Chen
33%
0.67 [0.20-1.78]
death
4/43
15/77
Kim
64%
0.36 [0.10-1.23]
death
113 (n)
122 (n)
Kim
52%
0.48 [0.19-1.24]
progression
113 (n)
122 (n)
Li
78%
0.22 [0.09-0.54]
death
2/37
21/94
Li
-27%
1.27 [0.12-13.6]
ventilation
1/37
2/94
Goodall
3%
0.97 [0.75-1.25]
death
74/210
280/771
Gao
-225%
3.25 [1.03-7.41]
progression
16/56
4/54
Pérez-Belm.. (PSM)
-10%
1.10 [0.84-1.40]
death
79/249
79/249
Bramante
7%
0.93 [0.81-1.06]
death
394/2,333
791/3,923
Bramante
24%
0.76 [0.60-0.96]
death
1,129 (n)
2,173 (n)
Bramante
-3%
1.03 [0.84-1.27]
death
1,204 (n)
1,750 (n)
Lalau (PSM)
22%
0.78 [0.55-1.10]
death
671 (n)
419 (n)
Lalau (PSM)
18%
0.82 [0.61-1.11]
death/int.
671 (n)
419 (n)
Lalau (PSM)
7%
0.93 [0.64-1.35]
ventilation
671 (n)
419 (n)
Huh
-1%
1.01 [0.75-1.37]
progression
104/272
774/2,533
Huh
4%
0.96 [0.82-1.12]
cases
population-based cohort
Crouse
61%
0.39 [0.16-0.87]
death
8/76
34/144
Lally
52%
0.48 [0.28-0.84]
death
16/127
144/648
Oh
-26%
1.26 [0.81-1.95]
death
5,946 (n)
5,946 (n)
Oh (PSM)
28%
0.72 [0.63-0.81]
cases
390/5,946
541/5,946
Wargny
28%
0.72 [0.53-0.95]
death
247/1,553
330/1,241
Wargny
15%
0.85 [0.74-0.97]
no disch.
690/1,553
702/1,241
Holt
-27%
1.27 [0.72-2.22]
cases
12/429
434/14,798
Khunti
23%
0.77 [0.73-0.81]
death
population-based cohort
Jiang (PSM)
46%
0.54 [0.13-2.26]
death
3/74
10/74
Jiang (PSM)
80%
0.20 [0.05-0.77]
progression
8/74
17/74
Ghany
66%
0.34 [0.19-0.59]
death
392 (n)
747 (n)
Ghany
29%
0.71 [0.52-0.86]
hosp.
392 (n)
747 (n)
Ghany
68%
0.32 [0.22-0.45]
ARDS
392 (n)
747 (n)
Alamgir
27%
0.73 [0.63-0.84]
death
11,062 (n)
11,062 (n)
Alamgir
34%
0.66 [0.49-0.90]
death
5,369 (n)
5,369 (n)
Alamgir
30%
0.70 [0.53-0.95]
death
2,525 (n)
2,525 (n)
Ravindra
30%
0.70 [0.28-1.56]
death
5/53
57/313
Blanc
79%
0.21 [0.03-1.46]
death
1/14
25/75
Blanc
-44%
1.44 [1.00-2.07]
cases
11/16
78/163
Boye
10%
0.90 [0.86-0.94]
hosp.
2,067/4,250
3,196/5,281
Cheng (PSM)
-65%
1.65 [0.71-3.86]
death
678 (n)
535 (n)
Wang
12%
0.88 [0.81-0.97]
ICU
6,504 (n)
10,000 (n)
Ando
39%
0.61 [0.38-0.99]
hosp.
Wander
15%
0.85 [0.80-0.90]
death
Wander
2%
0.98 [0.92-1.06]
ICU
Wander
3%
0.97 [0.94-1.01]
hosp.
Saygili (PSM)
42%
0.58 [0.37-0.92]
death
120 (n)
120 (n)
Ong
47%
0.53 [0.31-0.87]
death
33/186
57/169
Ong
24%
0.76 [0.50-1.10]
death
28/109
57/169
Ong
85%
0.15 [0.04-0.55]
death
2/40
57/169
Ong
76%
0.24 [0.07-0.68]
death
3/37
57/169
Bliden
60%
0.40 [0.12-1.37]
death
3/34
9/41
Bliden
76%
0.24 [0.06-1.03]
ventilation
2/34
10/41
Al-Salameh
55%
0.45 [0.17-0.94]
death/ICU
9/47
22/50
Al-Salameh
-68%
1.68 [1.12-2.05]
death/ICU
34/43
22/50
Wallace (PSW)
72%
0.28 [0.21-0.37]
death
103/1,203
1,536/6,970
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
16%
0.84 [0.79-0.89]
death
1,476/6,556
1,787/6,556
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
22%
0.78 [0.72-0.84]
death
968/6,556
1,261/6,556
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
22%
0.78 [0.64-0.95]
ICU
166/6,556
212/6,556
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
3%
0.97 [0.94-1.00]
hosp.
3,551/6,556
3,670/6,556
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
8%
0.92 [0.84-1.00]
death
793/3,297
876/3,297
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
16%
0.84 [0.75-0.94]
death
512/3,297
618/3,297
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
39%
0.61 [0.44-0.82]
ICU
64/3,297
102/3,297
Ojeda-Ferná.. (PSM)
-2%
1.02 [0.97-1.07]
hosp.
1,822/3,297
1,792/3,297
Usman
60%
0.40 [0.12-1.37]
death
3/34
9/41
Usman
76%
0.24 [0.06-1.03]
ventilation
2/34
10/41
Usman
34%
0.66 [0.39-1.13]
hosp. time
34 (n)
41 (n)
Wong
51%
0.49 [0.43-0.57]
death
Wong
41%
0.59 [0.52-0.66]
ventilation
Wong
40%
0.60 [0.57-0.63]
hosp.
Wong (PSW)
59%
0.41 [0.22-0.80]
death
786 (n)
428 (n)
Wong (PSW)
61%
0.39 [0.21-0.75]
no recov.
786 (n)
428 (n)
Wong (PSW)
64%
0.36 [0.18-0.76]
improv.
786 (n)
428 (n)
Wong (PSW)
56%
0.44 [0.24-0.81]
no disch.
786 (n)
428 (n)
MacFadden
1%
0.99 [0.96-1.01]
cases
n/a
n/a
metformin COVID-19 outcomes
c19early.com/mf Jul 2022
Favors metformin
Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are both valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and
safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100%
available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and
the risk of endemic status. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking
any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized
advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and
situation.
FLCCC and
WCH
provide treatment protocols.
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