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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy

DiGuilio et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995
Mar 2022  
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Vitamin A for COVID-19
12th treatment shown to reduce risk in January 2021
 
*, now known with p = 0.045 from 12 studies.
Lower risk for recovery.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Review of epithelial and endothelial barrier compromise and associated disease risk including COVID-19, and the potential benefits of vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc for improving barrier function.
Reviews covering vitamin A for COVID-19 include Andrade, DiGuilio, Midha, Stephensen.
Review covers vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc.
DiGuilio et al., 10 Mar 2022, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
This PaperVitamin AAll
Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy
Katherine M Diguilio, Elizabeth Rybakovsky, Reza Abdavies, Romy Chamoun, Colleen A Flounders, Ariel Shepley-Mctaggart, Ronald N Harty, James M Mullin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell-and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care-but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general-to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
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