Outcomes in COVID-19 convalescent plasma studies
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
All studies -1% 13
14,426
Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk, 95% CI Mortality -1% 13
14,426
Ventilation -1% 5
738
ICU admission 67% 1
160
Hospitalization 19% 3
580
Progression 11% 5
1,274
Recovery -1% 2
11,644
Viral clearance 41% 3
420
RCTs -1% 13
14,426
Peer-reviewed -0% 12
14,397
Early -93% 3
716
Late -0% 10
13,710
Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19 c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.07]
1,642/7,089
1,564/6,621
-0% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.90-1.13]
1,654/7,447
1,571/6,979
-1% improvement 13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 studies c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 6.8%; Z = 0.18
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.07]
1,642/7,089
1,564/6,621
-0% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.90-1.13]
1,654/7,447
1,571/6,979
-1% improvement 13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 mortality results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 6.8%; Z = 0.18
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -163%
2.63 [0.43-9.10]
5/28
2/30
Tau2 = 0.70; I2 = 50.9%
Early treatment -18%
1.18 [0.23-6.01]
7/108
6/110
-18% improvement Agarwal (RCT) 1%
0.99 [0.54-1.81]
19/227
19/224
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Bajpai (RCT) -221%
3.21 [0.38-27.4]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.22-2.01]
4/20
6/20
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment 3%
0.97 [0.58-1.63]
26/261
26/259
3% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.63-1.62]
33/369
32/369
-1% improvement 5 convalescent plasma COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%; Z = 0.04
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
2/80
6/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Early treatment 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
2/80
6/80
67% improvement All studies 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.59]
2/80
6/80
67% improvement 1 convalescent plasma COVID-19 ICU result c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%; Z = 1.38
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Korley (RCT) 10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
hosp.
51/257
56/254
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Early treatment 10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
51/257
56/254
10% improvement Bajpai (RCT) 25%
0.75 [0.55-1.04]
hosp. time
14 (n)
15 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control AlQahtani (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.57-1.07]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment 23%
0.77 [0.61-0.96]
0/34
0/35
23% improvement All studies 19%
0.81 [0.67-0.97]
51/291
56/289
19% improvement 3 convalescent plasma COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%; Z = 2.28
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.07]
1,642/7,089
1,564/6,621
-0% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.90-1.13]
1,654/7,447
1,571/6,979
-1% improvement 13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 6.8%; Z = 0.18
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Gharbharan (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.49-1.60]
no disch.
43 (n)
43 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Recovery Co.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.97-1.06]
no disch.
1,963/5,795
1,941/5,763
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -1%
1.01 [0.96-1.06]
1,963/5,838
1,941/5,806
-1% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.96-1.06]
1,963/5,838
1,941/5,806
-1% improvement 2 convalescent plasma COVID-19 recovery results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%; Z = 0.35
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Li (RCT) 76%
0.24 [0.07-0.64]
viral+
4/26
15/23
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Agarwal (RCT) 28%
0.72 [0.55-0.95]
viral+
56/173
76/169
Bajpai (RCT) 32%
0.68 [0.42-1.09]
viral load
14 (n)
15 (n)
Tau2 = 0.09; I2 = 59.2%
Late treatment 41%
0.59 [0.37-0.92]
60/213
91/207
41% improvement All studies 41%
0.59 [0.37-0.92]
60/213
91/207
41% improvement 3 convalescent plasma COVID-19 viral clearance results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.09; I2 = 59.2%; Z = 2.31
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.07]
1,642/7,089
1,564/6,621
-0% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.90-1.13]
1,654/7,447
1,571/6,979
-1% improvement 13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 6.8%; Z = 0.18
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.07]
1,642/7,089
1,564/6,621
-0% improvement All studies -1%
1.01 [0.90-1.13]
1,654/7,447
1,571/6,979
-1% improvement 13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 6.8%; Z = 0.18
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74; I2 = 47.5%
Early treatment -93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 0.0%
Late treatment -0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,639/7,075
1,563/6,606
-0% improvement All studies -0%
1.00 [0.93-1.08]
1,651/7,433
1,570/6,964
-0% improvement 12 convalescent plasma COVID-19 peer reviewed trials c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Tau2 = 0.00; I2 = 1.3%; Z = 0.12
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Libster (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
ventilation
2/80
4/80
Libster (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
ICU
2/80
6/80
Libster (DB RCT) 48%
0.52 [0.29-0.94]
progression
13/80
25/80
Balcells (RCT) -247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Balcells (RCT) -163%
2.63 [0.43-9.10]
ventilation
5/28
2/30
Balcells (RCT) -23%
1.23 [0.56-1.89]
progression
13/28
12/30
Korley (RCT) -396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Korley (RCT) 10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
hosp.
51/257
56/254
Korley (RCT) 6%
0.94 [0.72-1.22]
progression
77/257
81/254
Gharbharan (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Gharbharan (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.49-1.60]
no disch.
43 (n)
43 (n)
Li (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Li (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.53-1.18]
no improv.
25/52
29/51
Li (RCT) 76%
0.24 [0.07-0.64]
viral+
4/26
15/23
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 93%
0.07 [0.00-1.19]
progression
0/38
7/43
Avendaño-Solà (RCT) 92%
0.08 [0.00-1.40]
progression
0/38
6/43
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Agarwal (RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
progression
44/235
41/229
Agarwal (RCT) 1%
0.99 [0.54-1.81]
ventilation
19/227
19/224
Agarwal (RCT) 28%
0.72 [0.55-0.95]
viral+
56/173
76/169
Bajpai (RCT) -323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT) -114%
2.14 [0.22-21.1]
death
2/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT) -221%
3.21 [0.38-27.4]
ventilation
3/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT) 25%
0.75 [0.55-1.04]
hosp. time
14 (n)
15 (n)
Bajpai (RCT) 32%
0.68 [0.42-1.09]
viral load
14 (n)
15 (n)
AlQahtani (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
AlQahtani (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.22-2.01]
ventilation
4/20
6/20
AlQahtani (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.57-1.07]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
Simonovich (RCT) 4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Simonovich (RCT) 19%
0.81 [0.50-1.31]
7-point status
228 (n)
105 (n)
Ray (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Recovery Co.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.97-1.06]
no disch.
1,963/5,795
1,941/5,763
Bégin (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Bégin (RCT) -12%
1.12 [0.86-1.46]
death
141/614
63/307
Bégin (RCT) -16%
1.16 [0.94-1.43]
int./death
199/614
86/307
convalescent plasma COVID-19 outcomes c19early.com/cp Dec 5, 2021
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19
is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is
100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and
increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide
medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician
who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based
on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are
available from the FLCCC .
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