Outcomes in COVID-19 convalescent plasma studies
0
0.5
1
1.5+
All studies
-1%
14
15,607
Improvement, Studies, Patients
Relative Risk
Mortality
-1%
14
15,607
Ventilation
-1%
5
738
ICU admission
49%
2
1,341
Hospitalization
25%
4
1,761
Progression
11%
5
1,274
Recovery
-1%
2
11,644
Viral clearance
41%
3
420
RCTs
-1%
14
15,607
RCT mortality
-1%
14
15,607
Peer-reviewed
-0%
13
15,578
Early
-93%
3
716
Late
-0%
11
14,891
Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.5
1
1.5+
ALL STUDIES
MORTALITY
VENTILATION
ICU ADMISSION
HOSPITALIZATION
PROGRESSION
RECOVERY
VIRAL CLEARANCE
RCTS
RCT MORTALITY
PEER-REVIEWED
All
Early
Late
Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19
C19EARLY.COM/CP AUG 2022
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
death
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,642/7,681
1,567/7,210
-0% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.88-1.15]
1,654/8,039
1,574/7,568
-1% improvement
14 convalescent plasma COVID-19 studies
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 10.6%, p = 0.92
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,642/7,681
1,567/7,210
-0% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.88-1.15]
1,654/8,039
1,574/7,568
-1% improvement
14 convalescent plasma COVID-19 mortality results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 10.6%, p = 0.92
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-163%
2.63 [0.43-9.10]
5/28
2/30
Tau2 = 0.70, I2 = 50.9%, p = 0.85
Early treatment
-18%
1.18 [0.23-6.01]
7/108
6/110
-18% improvement
Agarwal (RCT)
1%
0.99 [0.54-1.81]
19/227
19/224
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Bajpai (RCT)
-221%
3.21 [0.38-27.4]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.22-2.01]
4/20
6/20
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.92
Late treatment
3%
0.97 [0.58-1.63]
26/261
26/259
3% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.63-1.62]
33/369
32/369
-1% improvement
5 convalescent plasma COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
2/80
6/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.17
Early treatment
67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
2/80
6/80
67% improvement
Sullivan (DB RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.17-3.32]
3/592
4/589
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.71
Late treatment
25%
0.75 [0.17-3.32]
3/592
4/589
25% improvement
All studies
49%
0.51 [0.17-1.49]
5/672
10/669
49% improvement
2 convalescent plasma COVID-19 ICU results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.22
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Korley (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
hosp.
51/257
56/254
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.55
Early treatment
10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
51/257
56/254
10% improvement
Bajpai (RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.55-1.04]
hosp. time
14 (n)
15 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
AlQahtani (RCT)
22%
0.78 [0.57-1.07]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
Sullivan (DB RCT)
54%
0.46 [0.26-0.80]
hosp.
17/592
37/589
Tau2 = 0.02, I2 = 29.3%, p = 0.0064
Late treatment
30%
0.70 [0.54-0.90]
17/626
37/624
30% improvement
All studies
25%
0.75 [0.61-0.93]
68/883
93/878
25% improvement
4 convalescent plasma COVID-19 hospitalization results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 27.4%, p = 0.0083
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
death
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,642/7,681
1,567/7,210
-0% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.88-1.15]
1,654/8,039
1,574/7,568
-1% improvement
14 convalescent plasma COVID-19 serious outcomes
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 10.6%, p = 0.92
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Gharbharan (RCT)
12%
0.88 [0.49-1.60]
no disch.
43 (n)
43 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
-1%
1.01 [0.97-1.06]
no disch.
1,963/5,795
1,941/5,763
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.74
Late treatment
-1%
1.01 [0.96-1.06]
1,963/5,838
1,941/5,806
-1% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.96-1.06]
1,963/5,838
1,941/5,806
-1% improvement
2 convalescent plasma COVID-19 recovery results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.74
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Li (RCT)
76%
0.24 [0.07-0.64]
viral+
4/26
15/23
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Agarwal (RCT)
28%
0.72 [0.55-0.95]
viral+
56/173
76/169
Bajpai (RCT)
32%
0.68 [0.42-1.09]
viral load
14 (n)
15 (n)
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 59.2%, p = 0.021
Late treatment
41%
0.59 [0.37-0.92]
60/213
91/207
41% improvement
All studies
41%
0.59 [0.37-0.92]
60/213
91/207
41% improvement
3 convalescent plasma COVID-19 viral clearance results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 59.2%, p = 0.021
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
death
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,642/7,681
1,567/7,210
-0% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.88-1.15]
1,654/8,039
1,574/7,568
-1% improvement
14 convalescent plasma COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 10.6%, p = 0.92
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
34/235
31/229
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
3/14
1/15
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.97
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,642/7,681
1,567/7,210
-0% improvement
All studies
-1%
1.01 [0.88-1.15]
1,654/8,039
1,574/7,568
-1% improvement
14 convalescent plasma COVID-19 RCT mortality results
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 10.6%, p = 0.92
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Tau2 = 0.74, I2 = 47.5%, p = 0.37
Early treatment
-93%
1.93 [0.47-7.87]
12/358
7/358
-93% improvement
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
death
0/592
3/589
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 1.
Late treatment
-0%
1.00 [0.94-1.06]
1,639/7,667
1,566/7,195
-0% improvement
All studies
-0%
1.00 [0.90-1.12]
1,651/8,025
1,573/7,553
-0% improvement
13 convalescent plasma COVID-19 peer reviewed trials
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 6.3%, p = 0.95
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
death
2/80
4/80
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Libster (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.09-2.65]
ventilation
2/80
4/80
Libster (DB RCT)
67%
0.33 [0.07-1.60]
ICU
2/80
6/80
Libster (DB RCT)
48%
0.52 [0.29-0.94]
progression
13/80
25/80
Balcells (RCT)
-247%
3.47 [0.35-11.9]
death
5/28
2/30
Balcells (RCT)
-163%
2.63 [0.43-9.10]
ventilation
5/28
2/30
Balcells (RCT)
-23%
1.23 [0.56-1.89]
progression
13/28
12/30
Korley (RCT)
-396%
4.96 [0.58-42.2]
death
5/250
1/248
Korley (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.64-1.26]
hosp.
51/257
56/254
Korley (RCT)
6%
0.94 [0.72-1.22]
progression
77/257
81/254
Gharbharan (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.25-2.41]
death
6/43
11/43
Gharbharan (RCT)
12%
0.88 [0.49-1.60]
no disch.
43 (n)
43 (n)
Li (RCT)
35%
0.65 [0.27-1.39]
death
8/51
12/50
Li (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.53-1.18]
no improv.
25/52
29/51
Li (RCT)
76%
0.24 [0.07-0.64]
viral+
4/26
15/23
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
88%
0.12 [0.01-2.11]
death
0/38
4/43
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
93%
0.07 [0.00-1.19]
progression
0/38
7/43
Avendaño-Solà (RCT)
92%
0.08 [0.00-1.40]
progression
0/38
6/43
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
death
34/235
31/229
Agarwal (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.73-1.58]
progression
44/235
41/229
Agarwal (RCT)
1%
0.99 [0.54-1.81]
ventilation
19/227
19/224
Agarwal (RCT)
28%
0.72 [0.55-0.95]
viral+
56/173
76/169
Bajpai (RCT)
-323%
4.23 [0.43-41.6]
death
3/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT)
-114%
2.14 [0.22-21.1]
death
2/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT)
-221%
3.21 [0.38-27.4]
ventilation
3/14
1/15
Bajpai (RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.55-1.04]
hosp. time
14 (n)
15 (n)
Bajpai (RCT)
32%
0.68 [0.42-1.09]
viral load
14 (n)
15 (n)
AlQahtani (RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.05-5.08]
death
1/20
2/20
AlQahtani (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.22-2.01]
ventilation
4/20
6/20
AlQahtani (RCT)
22%
0.78 [0.57-1.07]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
Simonovich (RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.50-1.83]
death
25/228
12/105
Simonovich (RCT)
19%
0.81 [0.50-1.31]
7-point status
228 (n)
105 (n)
Ray (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.30-1.50]
death
10/40
14/40
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
0%
1.00 [0.93-1.07]
death
1,399/5,795
1,408/5,763
Recovery Co.. (RCT)
-1%
1.01 [0.97-1.06]
no disch.
1,963/5,795
1,941/5,763
Bégin (RCT)
-13%
1.13 [0.88-1.45]
death
156/625
69/313
Bégin (RCT)
-12%
1.12 [0.86-1.46]
death
141/614
63/307
Bégin (RCT)
-16%
1.16 [0.94-1.43]
death/int.
199/614
86/307
Sullivan (DB RCT)
86%
0.14 [0.01-2.75]
death
0/592
3/589
Sullivan (DB RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.17-3.32]
ICU
3/592
4/589
Sullivan (DB RCT)
54%
0.46 [0.26-0.80]
hosp.
17/592
37/589
convalescent plasma COVID-19 outcomes
c19early.com/cp Aug 2022
Favors conv. plasma
Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are both valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and
safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100%
available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and
the risk of endemic status. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking
any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized
advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and
situation.
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provide treatment protocols.
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