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Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Resistance with Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Choudhary et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.21263105, NCT04518410

Sep 2021

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Bamlanivimab/etesevimab

20th treatment shown to reduce risk in May 2021

^*, now known with p = 0.00029 from 20 studies, recognized in 4 countries. Efficacy is variant dependent.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. ^* >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.

4,000+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org

Analysis of ACTIV-2/A5401, showing the potential for rapid emergence of resistance during monoclonal antibody treatment, resulting in prolonged high level viral loads and clinical worsening. Treatment-emergent resistance mutations were more common after bamlanivimab 700mg (7% of 111 vs 0% of 112 participants, p=0.003).

Efficacy is highly variant dependent. In Vitro research suggests a lack of efficacy for omicron Haars, Liu, Pochtovyi, Sheward, VanBlargan.

1. Haars et al., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages and Spike Protein Mutations Conferring Resistance against Monoclonal Antibodies in a Swedish Cohort during 2022–2023, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102417.mdpi.com, doi.org.

2. Liu et al., Striking Antibody Evasion Manifested by the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472719.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

3. Pochtovyi et al., In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1, Vaccines, doi:10.3390/vaccines11101533.mdpi.com, doi.org.

4. Sheward et al., Variable loss of antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron), bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.473354.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

5. VanBlargan et al., An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472828.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

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Choudhary et al., 15 Sep 2021, preprint, 28 authors, trial NCT04518410 (history).

This Paper Bamlaniv../e..All

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Resistance with Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Manish C Choudhary, Kara W Chew, Rinki Deo, James P Flynn, James Regan, Charles R Crain, Carlee Moser, Michael Hughes, Justin Ritz, Ruy M Ribeiro, Ruian Ke, Joan A Dragavon, Arzhang C Javan, Ajay Nirula, Paul Klekotka, Alexander L Greninger, Courtney V Fletcher, Eric S Daar, David A Wohl, Joseph J Eron, Judith S Currier, Urvi M Parikh, Scott F Sieg, Alan S Perelson, Robert W Coombs, MD Davey M Smith, MD Jonathan Z Li

doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.21263105

All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

Author contributions MCC, KC, RC, DMS, JZL conceptualized and performed the study, MCC, RD, JPF, JR, CC performed resistance analysis experiment; RMR, RK, ASP performed mathematical modeling; JD, AG performed viral load analysis; UP, SS performed serological analysis; CM, MH, JR performed statistical analysis.

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Sheet, Health, Providers, EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF BAMLANIVIMAB AND ETESEVIMAB

Sheet, Health, Providers, EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF CASIRIVIMAB AND IMDEVIMAB

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Late treatment
is less effective

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