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Leach et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24342-y (Peer Reviewed) |
animal study |
The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells |
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In Vitro and animal study showing that the antiandrogen enzalutamide reduces TMPRSS2 levels in human lung cells and in mouse lungs. |
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Animal study
Animal study
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| Leach et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24342-y (Peer Reviewed) |
| The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells |
In Vitro and animal study showing that the antiandrogen enzalutamide reduces TMPRSS2 levels in human lung cells and in mouse lungs.
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Leach et al., 7/1/2021, peer-reviewed, 10 authors.
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Review |
Mauvais-Jarvis et al., Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab114 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
Do Anti-androgens Have Potential as Therapeutics for COVID-19? |
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Review of research related to the potential benefits of anti-androgrens for COVID-19. |
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Review
Review
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| Mauvais-Jarvis et al., Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab114 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
| Do Anti-androgens Have Potential as Therapeutics for COVID-19? |
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Review of research related to the potential benefits of anti-androgrens for COVID-19.
Mauvais-Jarvis et al., 6/5/2021, peer-reviewed, 1 author.
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Early |
Cadegiani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.13047 (Peer Reviewed) |
no recov., ↓62.0%, p=0.009 |
Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial – Biochemical) |
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RCT 130 outpatients in Brazil, 54 treated with dutasteride, showing faster recovery with treatment. All patients received nitazoxanide. There were no hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation, or deaths. 34110420.2.0000.0008. Some percenta.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Cadegiani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.13047 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial – Biochemical) |
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RCT 130 outpatients in Brazil, 54 treated with dutasteride, showing faster recovery with treatment. All patients received nitazoxanide. There were no hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation, or deaths. 34110420.2.0000.0008. Some percentages for viral clearance in Table 3 do not match the group sizes, and John Carlisle's "Table 1" analysis suggests possible randomization failure.
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risk of no recovery, 62.0% lower, RR 0.38, p = 0.009, treatment 7 of 44 (15.9%), control 18 of 43 (41.9%).
recovery time, 43.6% lower, relative time 0.56, p < 0.001, treatment 44, control 43, all symptoms.
recovery time, 40.2% lower, relative time 0.60, p < 0.001, treatment 44, control 43, all symptoms except loss of smell or taste.
Excluded in after exclusion results of meta analysis:
potential randomization failure.
Cadegiani et al., 2/1/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
McCoy et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.17021 (Peer Reviewed) |
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced frequency of COVID-19 symptoms in males with androgenetic alopecia |
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Retrospective 48 androgenetic alopecia patients in Brazil treated with dutasteride, compared with 48 propensity score matched androgenetic alopecia patients not taking any 5ARis, showing a statistically significant reduction in the freque.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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| McCoy et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.17021 (Peer Reviewed) |
| 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced frequency of COVID-19 symptoms in males with androgenetic alopecia |
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Retrospective 48 androgenetic alopecia patients in Brazil treated with dutasteride, compared with 48 propensity score matched androgenetic alopecia patients not taking any 5ARis, showing a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of 20 of 29 COVID-19 symptoms with treatment.
McCoy et al., 11/2/2020, retrospective, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
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Early |
Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 (Preprint) |
recov. time, ↓76.7%, p=0.006 |
An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial |
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Prospective study of 270 female COVID-19 patients in Brazil, 75 with hyperandrogenism, of which 8 were on spiralactone. Results suggest that HA patients may be at increased risk, and that spironolactone use may reduce the risk compared to.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 (Preprint) |
| An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial |
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Prospective study of 270 female COVID-19 patients in Brazil, 75 with hyperandrogenism, of which 8 were on spiralactone. Results suggest that HA patients may be at increased risk, and that spironolactone use may reduce the risk compared to both other HA patients and non-HA patients. SOC included other treatments and there was no mortality or hospitalization.
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recovery time, 76.7% lower, relative time 0.23, p = 0.006, treatment 8, control 262, excluding anosmia.
recovery time, 82.8% lower, relative time 0.17, p = 0.002, treatment 8, control 262, including anosmia.
time to viral-, 37.9% lower, relative time 0.62, p = 0.02, treatment 8, control 262.
Excluded in after exclusion results of meta analysis:
significant unadjusted differences between groups.
Cadegiani et al., 10/6/2020, prospective, Brazil, South America, preprint, 4 authors.
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Late |
Goren et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.16953 (Peer Reviewed) |
ICU, ↓81.0%, p=0.08 |
Anti-androgens may protect against severe COVID-19 outcomes: results from a prospective cohort study of 77 hospitalized men |
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Prospective study of 77 men hospitalized with COVID-19, 12 taking antiandrogens (9 dutasteride, 2 finasteride, 1 spironolactone), showing lower ICU admission with treatment (statistically significant with age-matched controls only when exc.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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| Goren et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.16953 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Anti-androgens may protect against severe COVID-19 outcomes: results from a prospective cohort study of 77 hospitalized men |
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Prospective study of 77 men hospitalized with COVID-19, 12 taking antiandrogens (9 dutasteride, 2 finasteride, 1 spironolactone), showing lower ICU admission with treatment (statistically significant with age-matched controls only when excluding the spironolactone patient). NCT04368897.
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risk of ICU admission, 81.0% lower, RR 0.19, p = 0.08, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 17 of 36 (47.2%), adjusted, age-matched controls.
risk of ICU admission, 86.0% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.04, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 38 of 65 (58.5%), adjusted, all controls.
risk of death, 50.0% higher, RR 1.50, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 2 of 36 (5.6%), age-matched controls.
risk of death, 35.4% higher, RR 1.35, p = 0.58, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 4 of 65 (6.2%), all controls.
Goren et al., 9/25/2020, prospective, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 15 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
Lazzeri et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.20068056 (Preprint) |
death/ICU, ↑23.0%, p=0.33 |
Impact of anti-androgen therapies on COVID-19 susceptibility: a case-control study in male population from two COVID-19 regional centers of Lombardy (Italy) |
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Retrospective case-control study in Italy with 943 male COVID-19 patients, 45 on chronic 5ARI treatment (finasteride/dutasteride). There was significantly fewer COVID-19 patients >55 on 5ARI treatment compared to age-matched controls (5.5.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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| Lazzeri et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.20068056 (Preprint) |
| Impact of anti-androgen therapies on COVID-19 susceptibility: a case-control study in male population from two COVID-19 regional centers of Lombardy (Italy) |
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Retrospective case-control study in Italy with 943 male COVID-19 patients, 45 on chronic 5ARI treatment (finasteride/dutasteride). There was significantly fewer COVID-19 patients >55 on 5ARI treatment compared to age-matched controls (5.57 vs. 8.14%, p=0.0083). The difference was greater for men aged >65 (7.14 vs. 12.31%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference for ICU admission or death.
risk of death/ICU, 23.0% higher, RR 1.23, p = 0.33, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Lazzeri et al., 9/21/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, preprint, 11 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
Bennani et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2095 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓94.9%, p=1.00 |
Androgen deprivation therapy may constitute a more effective COVID-19 prophylactic than therapeutic strategy |
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Retrospective 118 prostate cancer patients, 4 on androgren deprivation therapy, not showing significant differences (as expected with only 4 patients in the treatment group). |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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| Bennani et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2095 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Androgen deprivation therapy may constitute a more effective COVID-19 prophylactic than therapeutic strategy |
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Retrospective 118 prostate cancer patients, 4 on androgren deprivation therapy, not showing significant differences (as expected with only 4 patients in the treatment group).
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risk of death, 94.9% lower, RR 0.05, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 4 (0.0%), control 18 of 114 (15.8%), relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
risk of ICU admission, 119.2% higher, RR 2.19, p = 0.40, treatment 1 of 4 (25.0%), control 13 of 114 (11.4%).
risk of hospitalization, 25.0% lower, RR 0.75, p = 0.60, treatment 2 of 4 (50.0%), control 76 of 114 (66.7%).
risk of severe case, 8.1% lower, RR 0.92, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 4 (25.0%), control 31 of 114 (27.2%).
Bennani et al., 8/17/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 2 authors.
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N/A |
Wambier et al., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079 (Peer Reviewed) |
Androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The “Gabrin sign” |
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Analysis of 175 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19, showing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in 42% of women and 79% of men. Authors hypothesize that COVID-19 severity is androgen-mediated, and recommend study of antiandrogen treatments. |
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N/A
N/A
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| Wambier et al., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The “Gabrin sign” |
Analysis of 175 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19, showing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in 42% of women and 79% of men. Authors hypothesize that COVID-19 severity is androgen-mediated, and recommend study of antiandrogen treatments.
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Wambier et al., 5/21/2020, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
Montopoli et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479 (Peer Reviewed) |
severe case, ↓74.5%, p=0.01 |
Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532) |
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Retrospective 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and 37,161 not on ADT, showing lower risk of cases with treatment. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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| Montopoli et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532) |
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Retrospective 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and 37,161 not on ADT, showing lower risk of cases with treatment.
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risk of severe case, 74.5% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.01, treatment 1 of 5,273 (0.0%), control 31 of 37,161 (0.1%), OR converted to RR.
risk of case, 75.3% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.004, treatment 4 of 5,273 (0.1%), control 114 of 37,161 (0.3%), OR converted to RR.
Montopoli et al., 5/6/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 12 authors.
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