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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP |
Covid Analysis (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Antiandrogens for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 34 studies |
Details
• Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, recovery, cases, and viral clearance. 18 studies from 10 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (11 for the most serious outcome). • Me.. |
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
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Antiandrogens for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 34 studies |
Covid Analysis (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
• Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, recovery, cases, and viral clearance. 18 studies from 10 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (11 for the most serious outcome).• Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 23% [13‑32%] improvement. Results are better for Randomized Controlled Trials, similar after exclusions, and similar for peer-reviewed studies. • Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 16 of 34 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.• This analysis combines the results of several different antiandrogens. Results for individual treatments may vary. Proxalutamide is analyzed separately. • While many treatments have some level of efficacy, they do not replace vaccines and other measures to avoid infection. Only 15% of antiandrogen studies show zero events in the treatment arm.Multiple treatments are typically used in combination, and other treatments are more effective.• No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all variants. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Denying the efficacy of treatments increases mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and endemic risk.• All data to reproduce this paper and sources are in the appendix.
Covid Analysis et al., 5/24/2022, preprint, 1 author.
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Levels |
Yeap et al., European Journal of Endocrinology, doi:10.1530/EJE-22-0104 |
Higher premorbid serum testosterone predicts COVID-19-related mortality risk in men. |
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Prospective UK Biobank study showing higher premorbid testosterone levels associated with higher COVID-19 mortality. |
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Levels
Analysis of outcomes based on serum levels
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Higher premorbid serum testosterone predicts COVID-19-related mortality risk in men. |
Yeap et al., European Journal of Endocrinology, doi:10.1530/EJE-22-0104 |
Prospective UK Biobank study showing higher premorbid testosterone levels associated with higher COVID-19 mortality.
Yeap et al., 5/10/2022, prospective, United Kingdom, Europe, peer-reviewed, 8 authors, study period 16 March, 2020 - 31 January, 2021.
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In Silico |
Saih et al., Physical Chemistry Research, doi:10.22036/pcr.2022.324549.2016 |
In Silico |
In-Silico Molecular Docking, Validation, Drug-Likeness, and ADMET Studies of Antiandrogens to Use in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2 |
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In Silico study of several antiandrogens identifying strong candidates for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Apalutamide and bicalutamide showed the best binding affinity against TMPRSS2. |
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In Silico
In Silico
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In-Silico Molecular Docking, Validation, Drug-Likeness, and ADMET Studies of Antiandrogens to Use in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2 |
Saih et al., Physical Chemistry Research, doi:10.22036/pcr.2022.324549.2016 |
In Silico study of several antiandrogens identifying strong candidates for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Apalutamide and bicalutamide showed the best binding affinity against TMPRSS2.
Saih et al., 5/5/2022, Morocco, Africa, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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Late |
Gordon, M., 32nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases |
death, ↓82.0%, p=0.04 |
Phase 2 study of oral sabizabulin for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients at high risk for ARDS |
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Phase 2 RCT of sabizabulin showing lower mortality with treatment. For more discussion see . |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Phase 2 study of oral sabizabulin for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients at high risk for ARDS |
Gordon, M., 32nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases |
Phase 2 RCT of sabizabulin showing lower mortality with treatment. For more discussion see [].
risk of death, 82.0% lower, RR 0.18, p = 0.04, ITT.
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ventilation time, 76.5% lower, relative time 0.24, p = 0.14.
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ICU time, 72.9% lower, relative time 0.27, p = 0.03.
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Gordon et al., 4/25/2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 1 author.
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Late |
Nickols et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7852 |
death, ↓18.3%, p=0.66 |
Effect of Androgen Suppression on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Men With COVID-19 |
Details
Early terminated RCT with 62 very late stage (79% on oxygen) degarelix patients and 34 placebo patients, showing no significant differences with treatment. For discussion of many issues with this study see . |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Effect of Androgen Suppression on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Men With COVID-19 |
Nickols et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7852 |
Early terminated RCT with 62 very late stage (79% on oxygen) degarelix patients and 34 placebo patients, showing no significant differences with treatment.For discussion of many issues with this study see [].
risk of death, 18.3% lower, RR 0.82, p = 0.66, treatment 11 of 62 (17.7%), control 7 of 34 (20.6%), NNT 35, adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 18.8% higher, RR 1.19, p = 0.70, treatment 13 of 62 (21.0%), control 6 of 34 (17.6%).
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risk of ongoing hospitalization, mortality, or mechanical ventilation, 16.7% higher, RR 1.17, p = 0.70, treatment 15 of 62 (24.2%), control 7 of 34 (20.6%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable, primary outcome.
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hospitalization time, 20.0% higher, relative time 1.20, p = 0.94, treatment 62, control 34.
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Nickols et al., 4/19/2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 34 authors, study period 22 July, 2020 - 8 April, 2021, trial NCT04397718 (HITCH).
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Late |
Veru News Release |
death, ↓53.9%, p=0.004 |
Veru’s Novel COVID-19 Drug Candidate Reduces Deaths by 55% in Hospitalized Patients in Interim Analysis of Phase 3 Study; Independent Data Monitoring Committee Halts Study Early for Overwhelming Efficacy |
Details
RCT with 98 hospitalized moderate/severe patients treated with sabizabulin and 52 control patients, showing lower mortality with treatment. sabizabulin 9mg. For more discussion see . |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Veru’s Novel COVID-19 Drug Candidate Reduces Deaths by 55% in Hospitalized Patients in Interim Analysis of Phase 3 Study; Independent Data Monitoring Committee Halts Study Early for Overwhelming Efficacy |
Veru News Release |
RCT with 98 hospitalized moderate/severe patients treated with sabizabulin and 52 control patients, showing lower mortality with treatment. sabizabulin 9mg. For more discussion see [].
risk of death, 53.9% lower, RR 0.46, p = 0.004, treatment 20 of 98 (20.4%), control 23 of 52 (44.2%), NNT 4.2.
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Veru et al., 4/11/2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, multiple countries, multiple regions, peer-reviewed, 1 author.
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Meta |
Meng et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.020 |
meta-analysis |
Protective trend of anti-androgen therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis |
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Meta analysis of 15 antiandrogen studies showing a protective trend although there has been conflicting results to date. |
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Meta
Meta
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Protective trend of anti-androgen therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis |
Meng et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.020 |
Meta analysis of 15 antiandrogen studies showing a protective trend although there has been conflicting results to date.
Meng et al., 3/31/2022, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
MacFadden et al., Open Forum Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac156 |
cases, ↓7.0%, p=0.008 |
Screening Large Population Health Databases for Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics: A Pharmacopeia-Wide Association Study (PWAS) of Commonly Prescribed Medications |
Details
Retrospective 26,121 cases and 2,369,020 controls ≥65yo in Canada, showing lower cases with chronic use of spironolactone. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Screening Large Population Health Databases for Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics: A Pharmacopeia-Wide Association Study (PWAS) of Commonly Prescribed Medications |
MacFadden et al., Open Forum Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac156 |
Retrospective 26,121 cases and 2,369,020 controls ≥65yo in Canada, showing lower cases with chronic use of spironolactone.
risk of case, 7.0% lower, OR 0.93, p = 0.008, RR approximated with OR.
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MacFadden et al., 3/29/2022, retrospective, Canada, North America, peer-reviewed, 9 authors, study period 15 January, 2020 - 31 December, 2020.
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Late |
Hsieh et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.832321 |
death, ↓87.9%, p=0.13 |
Efficacy and Safety of Complementary Therapy With Jing Si Herbal Tea in Patients With Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study |
Details
Prospective study of 260 hospitalized patients in Taiwan, 117 treated with herbal formula Jing Si Herbal Tea which includes antiandrogen glycyrrhiza glabra, showing improved recovery with treatment, with statistical significance for SpO2,.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Efficacy and Safety of Complementary Therapy With Jing Si Herbal Tea in Patients With Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study |
Hsieh et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.832321 |
Prospective study of 260 hospitalized patients in Taiwan, 117 treated with herbal formula Jing Si Herbal Tea which includes antiandrogen glycyrrhiza glabra, showing improved recovery with treatment, with statistical significance for SpO2, Ct score, CRP, and Brixia score.
risk of death, 87.9% lower, RR 0.12, p = 0.13, treatment 0 of 117 (0.0%), control 4 of 143 (2.8%), NNT 36, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 51.1% lower, RR 0.49, p = 0.46, treatment 2 of 117 (1.7%), control 5 of 143 (3.5%), NNT 56.
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risk of ICU admission, 30.2% lower, RR 0.70, p = 0.76, treatment 4 of 117 (3.4%), control 7 of 143 (4.9%), NNT 68.
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risk of no recovery, 87.9% lower, RR 0.12, p = 0.13, treatment 0 of 117 (0.0%), control 4 of 143 (2.8%), NNT 36, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
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relative increase in Ct score, 36.1% better, RR 0.64, p < 0.001, treatment mean 8.14 (±4.9) n=117, control mean 5.2 (±6.99) n=143.
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Hsieh et al., 3/14/2022, prospective, Taiwan, Asia, peer-reviewed, 7 authors, study period 1 May, 2021 - 31 August, 2021, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with multi-herbal formula) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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PrEPPEP |
Lee et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.774773 |
severe case, ↓21.4%, p=0.03 |
A population-level analysis of the protective effects of androgen deprivation therapy against COVID-19 disease incidence and severity |
Details
Retrospective 3,057 androgen deprivation therapy patients in the USA, and 36,096 control patients with cancer, showing lower risk of cases and severity with ADT. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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A population-level analysis of the protective effects of androgen deprivation therapy against COVID-19 disease incidence and severity |
Lee et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.774773 |
Retrospective 3,057 androgen deprivation therapy patients in the USA, and 36,096 control patients with cancer, showing lower risk of cases and severity with ADT.
risk of severe case, 21.4% lower, RR 0.79, p = 0.03, treatment 76 of 295 (25.8%), control 727 of 2,427 (30.0%), NNT 24, adjusted, OR converted to RR, propensity score weighting, multivariable.
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risk of case, 11.3% lower, RR 0.89, p < 0.001, treatment 295 of 3,057 (9.6%), control 2,427 of 36,096 (6.7%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, propensity score weighting, multivariable.
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Lee et al., 3/7/2022, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 14 authors, study period 15 February, 2020 - 15 July, 2020.
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Late |
Gomaa et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-022-00939-7 |
death, ↓90.9%, p=0.05 |
Advancing combination treatment with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids for hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 infection: a randomized clinical trial |
Details
RCT with 50 hospitalized COVID+ patients in Egypt, 25 treated with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acid, showing improved recovery with treatment. Glycyrrhizin 60mg and boswellic acid 200mg bid for 2 weeks. NCT04487964. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Advancing combination treatment with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids for hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 infection: a randomized clinical trial |
Gomaa et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-022-00939-7 |
RCT with 50 hospitalized COVID+ patients in Egypt, 25 treated with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acid, showing improved recovery with treatment. Glycyrrhizin 60mg and boswellic acid 200mg bid for 2 weeks. NCT04487964.
risk of death, 90.9% lower, RR 0.09, p = 0.05, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 5 of 25 (20.0%), NNT 5.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events, day 14.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 90.9% lower, RR 0.09, p = 0.05, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 5 of 25 (20.0%), NNT 5.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events, day 14.
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recovery time, 44.0% lower, relative time 0.56, p < 0.001, treatment 25, control 25.
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risk of no recovery, 33.3% lower, RR 0.67, p < 0.001, treatment 25, control 25, relative clinical status, day 14.
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Gomaa et al., 3/1/2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, Egypt, Africa, peer-reviewed, median age 60.0, 5 authors, study period June 2021 - November 2021, average treatment delay 6.0 days, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with boswellic acid) - results of individual treatments may vary, trial NCT04487964.
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Review |
Kory et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, doi:10.14740/jocmr4658 (Review) |
review |
“MATH+” Multi-Modal Hospital Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Infection: Clinical and Scientific Rationale |
Details
Review of the data supporting the MATH+ hospital treatment protocol for COVID-19. |
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Review
Review
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“MATH+” Multi-Modal Hospital Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Infection: Clinical and Scientific Rationale |
Kory et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, doi:10.14740/jocmr4658 (Review) |
Review of the data supporting the MATH+ hospital treatment protocol for COVID-19.
Kory et al., 2/24/2022, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
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Late |
Abbasi et al., Journal of the Endocrine Society, doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac017 |
death, ↓55.1%, p=0.10 |
A Randomized Trial of Sitagliptin and Spironolactone With Combination Therapy in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 |
Details
RCT including 51 spironolactone patients and 87 control patients in Iran, showing improved recovery with spironolactone, sitagliptin, and the combination of both. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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A Randomized Trial of Sitagliptin and Spironolactone With Combination Therapy in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 |
Abbasi et al., Journal of the Endocrine Society, doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac017 |
RCT including 51 spironolactone patients and 87 control patients in Iran, showing improved recovery with spironolactone, sitagliptin, and the combination of both.
risk of death, 55.1% lower, RR 0.45, p = 0.10, treatment 5 of 51 (9.8%), control 19 of 87 (21.8%), NNT 8.3, day 5.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 33.7% lower, RR 0.66, p = 0.36, treatment 7 of 51 (13.7%), control 18 of 87 (20.7%), NNT 14, day 5.
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risk of ICU admission, 18.8% lower, RR 0.81, p = 0.67, treatment 10 of 51 (19.6%), control 21 of 87 (24.1%), NNT 22, day 5.
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risk of no recovery, 47.3% lower, RR 0.53, p < 0.001, treatment mean 1.64 (±0.81) n=51, control mean 3.11 (±2.45) n=87, relative clinical score, day 5.
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Abbasi et al., 2/7/2022, Single Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 11 authors, study period December 2020 - April 2021.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Kotfis et al., Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph15020200 |
death, ↓16.7%, p=1.00 |
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (Potassium Canrenoate) Does Not Influence Outcome in the Treatment of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia and Fibrosis—A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial |
Details
RCT with 24 patients treated with potassium canrenoate and 25 placebo patients in Poland, showing no significant differences. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (Potassium Canrenoate) Does Not Influence Outcome in the Treatment of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia and Fibrosis—A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial |
Kotfis et al., Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph15020200 |
RCT with 24 patients treated with potassium canrenoate and 25 placebo patients in Poland, showing no significant differences.
risk of death, 16.7% lower, RR 0.83, p = 1.00, treatment 4 of 24 (16.7%), control 5 of 25 (20.0%), NNT 30.
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risk of ICU admission, 10.7% lower, RR 0.89, p = 1.00, treatment 6 of 24 (25.0%), control 7 of 25 (28.0%), NNT 33.
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relative TFS score, 30.4% better, RR 0.70, p = 0.51, treatment 24, control 25.
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Kotfis et al., 2/5/2022, Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, Poland, Europe, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, study period December 2020 - August 2021, trial NCT04912011.
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Late |
Davarpanah et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.22269322 (Preprint) |
hosp., ↓78.3%, p=0.0008 |
Combination of Spironolactone and Sitagliptin Improves Clinical Outcomes of Outpatients with COVID-19: An Observational Study |
Details
Prospective study of 206 outpatients in Iran, 103 treated with spironolactone and sitagliptin, showing lower hospitalization and faster recovery with treatment. spironolactone 100mg and sitagliptin 100mg daily. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Combination of Spironolactone and Sitagliptin Improves Clinical Outcomes of Outpatients with COVID-19: An Observational Study |
Davarpanah et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.22269322 (Preprint) |
Prospective study of 206 outpatients in Iran, 103 treated with spironolactone and sitagliptin, showing lower hospitalization and faster recovery with treatment. spironolactone 100mg and sitagliptin 100mg daily.
risk of hospitalization, 78.3% lower, RR 0.22, p < 0.001, treatment 6 of 103 (5.8%), control 23 of 103 (22.3%), NNT 6.1, OR converted to RR.
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recovery time, 64.4% lower, relative time 0.36, p < 0.001, treatment 103, control 103.
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Davarpanah et al., 1/21/2022, prospective, Iran, Middle East, preprint, 9 authors, study period July 2021 - September 2021, average treatment delay 5.74 days, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with sitagliptin) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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PrEPPEP |
Lyon et al., Journal of Urology, doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000002180 |
death, ↓16.9%, p=0.61 |
5α-Reductase Inhibitors Are Associated with Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Matched-Pair, Registry-Based Analysis |
Details
Retrospective 944 5ARI users in the USA and 944 matched controls, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with treatment. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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5α-Reductase Inhibitors Are Associated with Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Matched-Pair, Registry-Based Analysis |
Lyon et al., Journal of Urology, doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000002180 |
Retrospective 944 5ARI users in the USA and 944 matched controls, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with treatment.
risk of death, 16.9% lower, RR 0.83, p = 0.61, treatment 15 of 944 (1.6%), control 19 of 994 (1.9%), NNT 310.
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risk of case, 7.2% lower, RR 0.93, p = 0.04, treatment 399 of 944 (42.3%), control 446 of 994 (44.9%), NNT 38, adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable.
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Lyon et al., 1/31/2022, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 8 authors, study period 8 March, 2020 - 15 February, 2021.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Bhardwaja et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1165680/v1 (Preprint) |
no disch., ↓36.8%, p=0.67 |
An integrative approach to clinical recovery for COVID-19 patients using an Ayurvedic formulation: A multicentric double-blind randomized control trial. |
Details
Small RCT with 39 patients treated with NOQ19 and 37 placebo patients, showing improved recovery, without statistical significance. NOQ19 has multiple ingredients including curcumin and antiandrogen glycyrrhiza glabra. CTRI/2021/05/033790. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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An integrative approach to clinical recovery for COVID-19 patients using an Ayurvedic formulation: A multicentric double-blind randomized control trial. |
Bhardwaja et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1165680/v1 (Preprint) |
Small RCT with 39 patients treated with NOQ19 and 37 placebo patients, showing improved recovery, without statistical significance. NOQ19 has multiple ingredients including curcumin and antiandrogen glycyrrhiza glabra. CTRI/2021/05/033790.
risk of no hospital discharge, 36.8% lower, RR 0.63, p = 0.67, treatment 2 of 39 (5.1%), control 3 of 37 (8.1%), NNT 34, day 7.
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risk of no recovery, 89.1% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.05, treatment 0 of 39 (0.0%), control 4 of 37 (10.8%), NNT 9.2, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events, oxygen supplementation, day 5.
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risk of no recovery, 80.4% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.23, treatment 0 of 39 (0.0%), control 2 of 37 (5.4%), NNT 18, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events, day 7, dsypnea.
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risk of no recovery, 2.8% higher, RR 1.03, p = 1.00, treatment 13 of 39 (33.3%), control 12 of 37 (32.4%), day 7, fever.
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risk of no viral clearance, 24.1% lower, RR 0.76, p = 0.47, treatment 12 of 39 (30.8%), control 15 of 37 (40.5%), NNT 10, day 7.
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risk of no viral clearance, 5.1% lower, RR 0.95, p = 1.00, treatment 19 of 39 (48.7%), control 19 of 37 (51.4%), NNT 38, day 5.
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risk of no viral clearance, 12.4% lower, RR 0.88, p = 0.47, treatment 24 of 39 (61.5%), control 26 of 37 (70.3%), NNT 11, day 3.
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Excluded in meta analysis:
combined treatments may contribute more to the effect seen.
Bhardwaja et al., 12/27/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, India, South Asia, preprint, 26 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with 18 other ingredients) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Gedeborg et al., Scandinavian Journal of Urology, doi:10.1080/21681805.2021.2019304 |
death, ↑25.0%, p=0.11 |
Androgen deprivation therapy, comorbidity, cancer stage and mortality from COVID-19 in men with prostate cancer |
Details
Case control study with 474 patients that died of COVID-19 in Sweden, showing higher risk with ADT, without statistical significance. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen deprivation therapy, comorbidity, cancer stage and mortality from COVID-19 in men with prostate cancer |
Gedeborg et al., Scandinavian Journal of Urology, doi:10.1080/21681805.2021.2019304 |
Case control study with 474 patients that died of COVID-19 in Sweden, showing higher risk with ADT, without statistical significance.
risk of death, 25.0% higher, OR 1.25, p = 0.11, treatment 271 of 474 (57.2%) cases,
5,181 of 23,700 (21.9%) controls, case control OR.
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Gedeborg et al., 12/23/2021, retrospective, Sweden, Europe, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Welén et al., European Urology, doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.013 |
death, ↓79.6%, p=0.26 |
A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data |
Details
Very small late stage RCT with 10 control patients and 29 enzalutamide patients, showing mixed results. Discharge and hospitalization time favored the control group, while viral load reduction was better with treatment on days 4&6 (day 4 .. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data |
Welén et al., European Urology, doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.013 |
Very small late stage RCT with 10 control patients and 29 enzalutamide patients, showing mixed results. Discharge and hospitalization time favored the control group, while viral load reduction was better with treatment on days 4&6 (day 4 ΔCt −5.6 p = 0.084), and the only death occurred in the control group. 27% of enzalutamide patients had diabetes compared to 0% of the control group. This paper also includes a retrospective study which is listed separately, and an In Vitro HBEC study showing no significant differences (p = 0.084). The supplementary data is not currently available. NCT04475601.For discussion of issues with this study see [sciencedirect.com, sciencedirect.com (B), sciencedirect.com (C), sciencedirect.com (D)].
risk of death, 79.6% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.26, treatment 0 of 29 (0.0%), control 1 of 10 (10.0%), NNT 10.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 31.0% lower, RR 0.69, p = 1.00, treatment 2 of 29 (6.9%), control 1 of 10 (10.0%), NNT 32.
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risk of no hospital discharge, 132.6% higher, RR 2.33, p = 0.03, treatment 29, control 10, primary outcome.
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hospitalization time, 50.0% higher, relative time 1.50, p = 0.01, treatment 29, control 10.
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Welén et al., 12/14/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Sweden, Europe, peer-reviewed, 27 authors, average treatment delay 9.5 days, trial NCT04475601.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Welén et al., European Urology, doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.013 |
death, ↓2.0%, p=0.94 |
A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data |
Details
Retrospective 7,894 COVID+ prostate cancer patients, analyzing patients on antiandrogen treatment, ADT, and ADT + abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide, showing mixed results and higher mortality for ADT + abiraterone acetate or enzalutamid.. |
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Details
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data |
Welén et al., European Urology, doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.013 |
Retrospective 7,894 COVID+ prostate cancer patients, analyzing patients on antiandrogen treatment, ADT, and ADT + abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide, showing mixed results and higher mortality for ADT + abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide. This paper also includes a small RCT which is listed separately, and an In Vitro HBEC study showing no significant differences (p = 0.084). The supplementary data is not currently available. NCT04475601.For discussion of issues with this study see [sciencedirect.com, sciencedirect.com (B), sciencedirect.com (C), sciencedirect.com (D)].
risk of death, 2.0% lower, HR 0.98, p = 0.94, treatment 21 of 358 (5.9%), control 167 of 4,980 (3.4%), adjusted, antiandrogen treatment.
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risk of death, 11.0% lower, HR 0.89, p = 0.66, treatment 20 of 334 (6.0%), control 167 of 4,980 (3.4%), adjusted, ADT.
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risk of death, 151.0% higher, HR 2.51, p < 0.001, treatment 24 of 152 (15.8%), control 167 of 4,980 (3.4%), adjusted, ADT and abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.
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risk of ICU admission, 28.0% higher, HR 1.28, p = 0.28, treatment 24 of 358 (6.7%), control 216 of 4,980 (4.3%), adjusted, antiandrogen treatment.
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risk of ICU admission, 13.0% lower, HR 0.87, p = 0.62, treatment 16 of 334 (4.8%), control 216 of 4,980 (4.3%), adjusted, ADT.
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risk of ICU admission, 21.0% lower, HR 0.79, p = 0.60, treatment 6 of 152 (3.9%), control 216 of 4,980 (4.3%), adjusted, ADT and abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.
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risk of hospitalization, 23.0% higher, HR 1.23, p = 0.09, treatment 126 of 358 (35.2%), control 1,108 of 4,980 (22.2%), adjusted, antiandrogen treatment.
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risk of hospitalization, 24.0% higher, HR 1.24, p = 0.09, treatment 126 of 334 (37.7%), control 1,108 of 4,980 (22.2%), adjusted, ADT.
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risk of hospitalization, 40.0% higher, HR 1.40, p = 0.06, treatment 66 of 152 (43.4%), control 1,108 of 4,980 (22.2%), adjusted, ADT and abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.
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Welén et al., 12/14/2021, retrospective, Sweden, Europe, peer-reviewed, 27 authors, trial NCT04475601.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Duarte et al., Infectious Agents and Cancer, doi:10.1186/s13027-021-00406-y |
death, ↓11.2%, p=0.37 |
Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality of prostate cancer patients with COVID-19: a propensity score-based analysis |
Details
Retrospective 199 prostate cancer patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil, showing no significant difference in mortality with active ADT. |
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Details
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality of prostate cancer patients with COVID-19: a propensity score-based analysis |
Duarte et al., Infectious Agents and Cancer, doi:10.1186/s13027-021-00406-y |
Retrospective 199 prostate cancer patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil, showing no significant difference in mortality with active ADT.
risk of death, 11.2% lower, RR 0.89, p = 0.37, treatment 100 of 156 (64.1%), control 32 of 43 (74.4%), NNT 9.7, adjusted, OR converted to RR.
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Duarte et al., 11/25/2021, retrospective, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Schmidt et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34330 |
death, ↓20.4%, p=0.41 |
Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Mortality Among Patients With Prostate Cancer and COVID-19 |
Details
Retrospective 1,106 prostate cancer patients, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with ADT. |
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Details
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PDF
Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Mortality Among Patients With Prostate Cancer and COVID-19 |
Schmidt et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34330 |
Retrospective 1,106 prostate cancer patients, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with ADT.
risk of death, 20.4% lower, RR 0.80, p = 0.41, treatment 25 of 169 (14.8%), control 44 of 308 (14.3%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, propensity score matching, multivariable.
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risk of severe case, 2.0% lower, OR 0.98, p = 0.94, treatment 169, control 308, adjusted, propensity score matching, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
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Schmidt et al., 11/12/2021, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 42 authors, study period 17 March, 2020 - 11 February, 2021.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Kazan et al., Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology, doi:10.5152/tud.2021.21278 |
hosp., ↑229.0%, p=0.20 |
The clinical impact of androgen deprivation therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and disease severity |
Details
Retrospective 365 prostate cancer patients in Turkey, 138 treated with ADT, showing no significant differences with treatment. |
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Details
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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The clinical impact of androgen deprivation therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and disease severity |
Kazan et al., Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology, doi:10.5152/tud.2021.21278 |
Retrospective 365 prostate cancer patients in Turkey, 138 treated with ADT, showing no significant differences with treatment.
risk of hospitalization, 229.0% higher, RR 3.29, p = 0.20, treatment 4 of 138 (2.9%), control 2 of 227 (0.9%).
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risk of case, 28.7% lower, RR 0.71, p = 0.32, treatment 13 of 138 (9.4%), control 30 of 227 (13.2%), NNT 26.
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Excluded in after exclusion results of meta analysis:
excessive unadjusted differences between groups.
Kazan et al., 11/1/2021, retrospective, Turkey, Europe, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, study period August 2020 - June 2021.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Ersoy et al., Aydin Sağlik Dergi̇si̇, doi:10.17932/IAU.ASD.2015.007/asd_v07i3002 |
death, ↓46.2%, p=0.002 |
Assessment Of The Efficacy Of Spironolactone For COVID-19 ARDS Patients |
Details
Retrospective 30 COVID-19 ARDS ICU patients and 30 control patients, showing lower mortality with treatment. |
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Details
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Assessment Of The Efficacy Of Spironolactone For COVID-19 ARDS Patients |
Ersoy et al., Aydin Sağlik Dergi̇si̇, doi:10.17932/IAU.ASD.2015.007/asd_v07i3002 |
Retrospective 30 COVID-19 ARDS ICU patients and 30 control patients, showing lower mortality with treatment.
risk of death, 46.2% lower, RR 0.54, p = 0.002, treatment 14 of 30 (46.7%), control 26 of 30 (86.7%), NNT 2.5.
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Ersoy et al., 10/13/2021, retrospective, Turkey, Europe, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Jiménez-Alcaide et al., The Prostate, doi:10.1002/pros.24232 |
death, ↓33.0%, p=0.41 |
Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on the severity of COVID‐19 in prostate cancer patients |
Details
Retrospective 1,349 prostate cancer patients in Spain, 156 on ADT, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with treatment. |
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Details
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PDF
Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on the severity of COVID‐19 in prostate cancer patients |
Jiménez-Alcaide et al., The Prostate, doi:10.1002/pros.24232 |
Retrospective 1,349 prostate cancer patients in Spain, 156 on ADT, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with treatment.
risk of death, 33.0% lower, RR 0.67, p = 0.41, treatment 3 of 11 (27.3%), control 17 of 50 (34.0%), adjusted, multivariable.
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risk of progression, 8.0% higher, RR 1.08, p = 0.77, treatment 11, control 50, adjusted, multivariable.
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risk of case, 68.2% higher, RR 1.68, p = 0.15, treatment 11 of 156 (7.1%), control 50 of 1,193 (4.2%), excluded in exclusion analyses:
excessive unadjusted differences between groups.
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Jiménez-Alcaide et al., 9/13/2021, retrospective, Spain, Europe, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Shaw et al., Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, doi:10.36849/JDD.5843 |
cases, ↓6.0%, p=0.006 |
COVID-19 in Individuals Treated With Long-Term Hydroxychloroquine: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Cicatricial Alopecia Patients |
Details
PSM retrospective 144 alopecia patients in the USA, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 cases with anti-androgen use. The supplemental appendix is not available. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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COVID-19 in Individuals Treated With Long-Term Hydroxychloroquine: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Cicatricial Alopecia Patients |
Shaw et al., Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, doi:10.36849/JDD.5843 |
PSM retrospective 144 alopecia patients in the USA, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 cases with anti-androgen use. The supplemental appendix is not available.
risk of case, 6.0% lower, OR 0.94, p = 0.006, treatment 47, control 97, adjusted, propensity score matching, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
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Shaw et al., 7/1/2021, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, study period 1 March, 2020 - 15 May, 2020.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Animal |
Leach et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24342-y |
animal study |
The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells |
Details
In Vitro and animal study showing that the antiandrogen enzalutamide reduces TMPRSS2 levels in human lung cells and in mouse lungs. |
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Details
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Animal study
Animal study
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The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells |
Leach et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24342-y |
In Vitro and animal study showing that the antiandrogen enzalutamide reduces TMPRSS2 levels in human lung cells and in mouse lungs.
Leach et al., 7/1/2021, peer-reviewed, 10 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Review |
Mauvais-Jarvis et al., Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab114 (Review) |
review |
Do Anti-androgens Have Potential as Therapeutics for COVID-19? |
Details
Review of research related to the potential benefits of anti-androgrens for COVID-19. |
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Details
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Review
Review
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Do Anti-androgens Have Potential as Therapeutics for COVID-19? |
Mauvais-Jarvis et al., Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab114 (Review) |
Review of research related to the potential benefits of anti-androgrens for COVID-19.
Mauvais-Jarvis et al., 6/5/2021, peer-reviewed, 1 author.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Zarehoseinzade et al., Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, doi:10.47176/mjiri.35.30 |
death, ↓75.0%, p=0.36 |
Finasteride in hospitalized adult males with COVID-19: A risk factor for severity of the disease or an adjunct treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial |
Details
RCT 80 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran, 40 treated with finasteride, showing no significant differences other than improved oxygen saturation on the 5th day with treatment. There was significantly more patients with diabetes in the.. |
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Details
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Finasteride in hospitalized adult males with COVID-19: A risk factor for severity of the disease or an adjunct treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial |
Zarehoseinzade et al., Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, doi:10.47176/mjiri.35.30 |
RCT 80 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran, 40 treated with finasteride, showing no significant differences other than improved oxygen saturation on the 5th day with treatment. There was significantly more patients with diabetes in the control group. 5mg finasteride for 7 days. IRCT20200505047318N1.
risk of death, 75.0% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.36, treatment 1 of 40 (2.5%), control 4 of 40 (10.0%), NNT 13.
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risk of ICU admission, no change, RR 1.00, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 40 (2.5%), control 1 of 40 (2.5%).
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Zarehoseinzade et al., 4/30/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Jeon et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.629176 |
cases, ↓77.0%, p=0.005 |
Effect of Spironolactone on COVID-19 in Patients With Underlying Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea |
Details
Retrospective 6,462 liver cirrhosis patients in South Korea, with 67 COVID+ cases, showing significantly lower COVID-19 cases with spironolactone treatment. Death and ICU results per group are not provided. Complications in this study inc.. |
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Details
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Effect of Spironolactone on COVID-19 in Patients With Underlying Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea |
Jeon et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.629176 |
Retrospective 6,462 liver cirrhosis patients in South Korea, with 67 COVID+ cases, showing significantly lower COVID-19 cases with spironolactone treatment. Death and ICU results per group are not provided. Complications in this study included receipt of antivirals, e.g., treatment with oseltamivir.
risk of case, 77.0% lower, OR 0.23, p = 0.005, treatment 6 of 49 (12.2%) cases,
89 of 245 (36.3%) controls, NNT 6.5, case control OR, model 2, within 3 months.
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Jeon et al., 2/23/2021, retrospective, South Korea, Asia, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Klein et al., Journal of Urology, doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000001338 |
death, ↑123.9%, p=0.12 |
Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer Does Not Affect Risk of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
Details
Retrospective 1,779 prostate cancer patients, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with ADT. |
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Details
Source
PDF
Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer Does Not Affect Risk of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 |
Klein et al., Journal of Urology, doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000001338 |
Retrospective 1,779 prostate cancer patients, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with ADT.
risk of death, 123.9% higher, RR 2.24, p = 0.12, treatment 6 of 304 (2.0%), control 13 of 1,475 (0.9%).
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risk of case, 6.6% lower, RR 0.93, p = 0.80, treatment 17 of 304 (5.6%), control 85 of 1,475 (5.8%), NNT 586, adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable.
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Klein et al., 2/1/2021, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 7 authors, study period 12 March, 2020 - 10 June, 2020.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Cadegiani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.13047 |
no recov., ↓62.0%, p=0.009 |
Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial – Biochemical) |
Details
RCT 130 outpatients in Brazil, 54 treated with dutasteride, showing faster recovery with treatment. All patients received nitazoxanide. There were no hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation, or deaths. Some percentages for viral clearanc.. |
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Details
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PDF
Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial – Biochemical) |
Cadegiani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.13047 |
RCT 130 outpatients in Brazil, 54 treated with dutasteride, showing faster recovery with treatment. All patients received nitazoxanide. There were no hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation, or deaths. Some percentages for viral clearance in Table 3 do not match the group sizes, and a third-party analysis suggests possible randomization failure. 34110420.2.0000.0008.
risk of no recovery, 62.0% lower, RR 0.38, p = 0.009, treatment 7 of 44 (15.9%), control 18 of 43 (41.9%), NNT 3.9.
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recovery time, 43.6% lower, relative time 0.56, p < 0.001, treatment 44, control 43, all symptoms.
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recovery time, 40.2% lower, relative time 0.60, p < 0.001, treatment 44, control 43, all symptoms except loss of smell or taste.
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Excluded in after exclusion results of meta analysis:
potential randomization failure.
Cadegiani et al., 2/1/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Kwon et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.01.067 |
death, ↓21.1%, p=1.00 |
Androgen-deprivation therapy and SARS-CoV-2 in men with prostate cancer: findings from the University of California Health System registry |
Details
Retrospective 5,211 prostate cancer patients, 799 on ADT, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with treatment. |
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Details
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PDF
Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen-deprivation therapy and SARS-CoV-2 in men with prostate cancer: findings from the University of California Health System registry |
Kwon et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.01.067 |
Retrospective 5,211 prostate cancer patients, 799 on ADT, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with treatment.
risk of death, 21.1% lower, RR 0.79, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 799 (0.1%), control 7 of 4,412 (0.2%), NNT 2985.
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risk of case, 17.6% higher, RR 1.18, p = 0.54, treatment 18 of 799 (2.3%), control 79 of 4,412 (1.8%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable.
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Kwon et al., 1/29/2021, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Mareev et al., Кардиология, doi:10.18087/cardio.2020.11.n1440 |
no recov., ↓11.3%, p=0.47 |
Results of Open-Label non-Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial: “BromhexIne and Spironolactone for CoronаvirUs Infection requiring hospiTalization (BISCUIT) |
Details
Prospective 103 PCR+ patients in Russia, 33 treated with bromexhine+spironolactone, showing lower PCR+ at day 10 or hospitalization >10 days with treatment. Bromhexine 8mg 4 times daily, spironolactone 25-50 mg/day for 10 days. |
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Details
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Results of Open-Label non-Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial: “BromhexIne and Spironolactone for CoronаvirUs Infection requiring hospiTalization (BISCUIT) |
Mareev et al., Кардиология, doi:10.18087/cardio.2020.11.n1440 |
Prospective 103 PCR+ patients in Russia, 33 treated with bromexhine+spironolactone, showing lower PCR+ at day 10 or hospitalization >10 days with treatment. Bromhexine 8mg 4 times daily, spironolactone 25-50 mg/day for 10 days.
relative SHOKS-COVID score, 11.3% better, RR 0.89, p = 0.47, treatment mean 2.12 (±1.39) n=33, control mean 2.39 (±1.59) n=33.
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risk of PCR+ on day 10 or hospitalization >10 days, 38.8% lower, RR 0.61, p = 0.02, treatment 14 of 24 (58.3%), control 20 of 21 (95.2%), NNT 2.7, OR converted to RR.
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hospitalization time, 8.2% lower, relative time 0.92, p = 0.35, treatment 33, control 33.
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risk of no viral clearance, 87.4% lower, RR 0.13, p = 0.08, treatment 0 of 17 (0.0%), control 3 of 13 (23.1%), NNT 4.3, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events, day 10.
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Mareev et al., 12/3/2020, Randomized Controlled Trial, Russia, Europe, peer-reviewed, 20 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with bromhexine) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
McCoy et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.17021 |
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced frequency of COVID-19 symptoms in males with androgenetic alopecia |
Details
Retrospective 48 androgenetic alopecia patients in Brazil treated with dutasteride, compared with 48 propensity score matched androgenetic alopecia patients not taking any 5ARis, showing a statistically significant reduction in the freque.. |
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Details
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PDF
Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced frequency of COVID-19 symptoms in males with androgenetic alopecia |
McCoy et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.17021 |
Retrospective 48 androgenetic alopecia patients in Brazil treated with dutasteride, compared with 48 propensity score matched androgenetic alopecia patients not taking any 5ARis, showing a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of 20 of 29 COVID-19 symptoms with treatment.
McCoy et al., 11/2/2020, retrospective, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 (Preprint) |
recov. time, ↓76.7%, p=0.006 |
An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial |
Details
Prospective study of 270 female COVID-19 patients in Brazil, 75 with hyperandrogenism, of which 8 were on spironolactone. Results suggest that HA patients may be at increased risk, and that spironolactone use may reduce the risk compared .. |
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Details
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial |
Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 (Preprint) |
Prospective study of 270 female COVID-19 patients in Brazil, 75 with hyperandrogenism, of which 8 were on spironolactone. Results suggest that HA patients may be at increased risk, and that spironolactone use may reduce the risk compared to both other HA patients and non-HA patients. SOC included other treatments and there was no mortality or hospitalization.
recovery time, 76.7% lower, relative time 0.23, p = 0.006, treatment 8, control 262, excluding anosmia.
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recovery time, 82.8% lower, relative time 0.17, p = 0.002, treatment 8, control 262, including anosmia.
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time to viral-, 37.9% lower, relative time 0.62, p = 0.02, treatment 8, control 262.
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Excluded in after exclusion results of meta analysis:
significant unadjusted differences between groups.
Cadegiani et al., 10/6/2020, prospective, Brazil, South America, preprint, 4 authors, average treatment delay 3.0 days.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Goren et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.16953 |
ICU, ↓81.0%, p=0.08 |
Anti-androgens may protect against severe COVID-19 outcomes: results from a prospective cohort study of 77 hospitalized men |
Details
Prospective study of 77 men hospitalized with COVID-19, 12 taking antiandrogens (9 dutasteride, 2 finasteride, 1 spironolactone), showing lower ICU admission with treatment (statistically significant with age-matched controls only when exc.. |
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Details
Source
PDF
Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Anti-androgens may protect against severe COVID-19 outcomes: results from a prospective cohort study of 77 hospitalized men |
Goren et al., Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1111/jdv.16953 |
Prospective study of 77 men hospitalized with COVID-19, 12 taking antiandrogens (9 dutasteride, 2 finasteride, 1 spironolactone), showing lower ICU admission with treatment (statistically significant with age-matched controls only when excluding the spironolactone patient). NCT04368897.
risk of ICU admission, 81.0% lower, RR 0.19, p = 0.08, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 17 of 36 (47.2%), NNT 2.6, adjusted, age-matched controls.
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risk of ICU admission, 86.0% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.04, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 38 of 65 (58.5%), NNT 2.0, adjusted, all controls.
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risk of death, 50.0% higher, RR 1.50, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 2 of 36 (5.6%), age-matched controls.
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risk of death, 35.4% higher, RR 1.35, p = 0.58, treatment 1 of 12 (8.3%), control 4 of 65 (6.2%), all controls.
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Goren et al., 9/25/2020, prospective, Brazil, South America, peer-reviewed, 15 authors, trial NCT04368897.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Lazzeri et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.20068056 (Preprint) |
death/ICU, ↑23.0%, p=0.33 |
Impact of anti-androgen therapies on COVID-19 susceptibility: a case-control study in male population from two COVID-19 regional centers of Lombardy (Italy) |
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Retrospective case-control study in Italy with 943 male COVID-19 patients, 45 on chronic 5ARI treatment (finasteride/dutasteride). There was significantly fewer COVID-19 patients >55 on 5ARI treatment compared to age-matched controls (5.5.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Impact of anti-androgen therapies on COVID-19 susceptibility: a case-control study in male population from two COVID-19 regional centers of Lombardy (Italy) |
Lazzeri et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.20068056 (Preprint) |
Retrospective case-control study in Italy with 943 male COVID-19 patients, 45 on chronic 5ARI treatment (finasteride/dutasteride). There was significantly fewer COVID-19 patients >55 on 5ARI treatment compared to age-matched controls (5.57 vs. 8.14%, p=0.0083). The difference was greater for men aged >65 (7.14 vs. 12.31%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference for ICU admission or death.
risk of death/ICU, 23.0% higher, OR 1.23, p = 0.33, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
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Lazzeri et al., 9/21/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, preprint, 11 authors.
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Late |
Vicenzi et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm9092943 |
death, ↓93.0%, p<0.0001 |
The Efficacy of the Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonist Canrenone in COVID-19 Patients |
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Retrospective 69 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Italy, 30 patients receiving canrenone, and 39 treated with vasodilator agents or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, showing lower mortality with canrenone. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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The Efficacy of the Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonist Canrenone in COVID-19 Patients |
Vicenzi et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm9092943 |
Retrospective 69 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Italy, 30 patients receiving canrenone, and 39 treated with vasodilator agents or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, showing lower mortality with canrenone.
risk of death, 93.0% lower, HR 0.07, p < 0.001, treatment 30, control 39, adjusted, model 2, multivariable.
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risk of death/intubation, 81.0% lower, HR 0.19, p = 0.002, treatment 30, control 39, adjusted, model 2, multivariable.
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Vicenzi et al., 9/11/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, this trial compares with another treatment - results may be better when compared to placebo.
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PrEPPEP |
Bennani et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2095 |
death, ↓94.9%, p=1.00 |
Androgen deprivation therapy may constitute a more effective COVID-19 prophylactic than therapeutic strategy |
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Retrospective 118 prostate cancer patients, 4 on androgren deprivation therapy, not showing significant differences (as expected with only 4 patients in the treatment group). |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen deprivation therapy may constitute a more effective COVID-19 prophylactic than therapeutic strategy |
Bennani et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2095 |
Retrospective 118 prostate cancer patients, 4 on androgren deprivation therapy, not showing significant differences (as expected with only 4 patients in the treatment group).
risk of death, 94.9% lower, RR 0.05, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 4 (0.0%), control 18 of 114 (15.8%), NNT 6.3, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
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risk of ICU admission, 119.2% higher, RR 2.19, p = 0.40, treatment 1 of 4 (25.0%), control 13 of 114 (11.4%).
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risk of hospitalization, 25.0% lower, RR 0.75, p = 0.60, treatment 2 of 4 (50.0%), control 76 of 114 (66.7%), NNT 6.0.
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risk of severe case, 8.1% lower, RR 0.92, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 4 (25.0%), control 31 of 114 (27.2%), NNT 46.
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Bennani et al., 8/17/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 2 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
Patel et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.023 |
death, ↓55.2%, p=0.22 |
Does androgen deprivation therapy protect against severe complications from COVID-19? |
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Retrospective 58 prostate cancer patients in the USA, showing lower risk of hospitalization with ADT. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Does androgen deprivation therapy protect against severe complications from COVID-19? |
Patel et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.023 |
Retrospective 58 prostate cancer patients in the USA, showing lower risk of hospitalization with ADT.
risk of death, 55.2% lower, RR 0.45, p = 0.22, treatment 4 of 22 (18.2%), control 10 of 36 (27.8%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 69.0% lower, OR 0.31, p = 0.19, treatment 22, control 36, adjusted, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
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risk of hospitalization, 77.0% lower, OR 0.23, p = 0.02, treatment 22, control 36, adjusted, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
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Patel et al., 7/9/2020, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 7 authors, study period 1 March, 2020 - 4 June, 2020.
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PrEPPEP |
Koskinen et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.015 |
death, ↓45.8%, p=1.00 |
Androgen deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 in men with prostate cancer |
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Retrospective 352 prostate cancer patients in Finland, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 with ADT. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 in men with prostate cancer |
Koskinen et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.015 |
Retrospective 352 prostate cancer patients in Finland, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 with ADT.
risk of death, 45.8% lower, RR 0.54, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 134 (0.7%), control 3 of 218 (1.4%), NNT 159.
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risk of death/ICU, 45.8% lower, RR 0.54, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 134 (0.7%), control 3 of 218 (1.4%), NNT 159.
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risk of case, 11.3% lower, RR 0.89, p = 1.00, treatment 6 of 134 (4.5%), control 11 of 218 (5.0%), NNT 176.
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Koskinen et al., 6/29/2020, retrospective, Finland, Europe, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
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N/A |
Wambier et al., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079 |
Androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The “Gabrin sign” |
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Analysis of 175 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19, showing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in 42% of women and 79% of men. Authors hypothesize that COVID-19 severity is androgen-mediated, and recommend study of antiandrogen treatments. |
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N/A
N/A
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Androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The “Gabrin sign” |
Wambier et al., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079 |
Analysis of 175 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19, showing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in 42% of women and 79% of men. Authors hypothesize that COVID-19 severity is androgen-mediated, and recommend study of antiandrogen treatments.
Wambier et al., 5/21/2020, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.
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PrEPPEP |
Montopoli et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479 |
death, ↓95.4%, p=0.15 |
Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532) |
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Retrospective 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and 37,161 not on ADT, showing lower risk of cases with treatment. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532) |
Montopoli et al., Annals of Oncology, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479 |
Retrospective 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and 37,161 not on ADT, showing lower risk of cases with treatment.
risk of death, 95.4% lower, RR 0.05, p = 0.15, treatment 0 of 5,273 (0.0%), control 18 of 37,161 (0.0%), NNT 2064, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events.
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risk of severe case, 74.5% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.01, treatment 1 of 5,273 (0.0%), control 31 of 37,161 (0.1%), NNT 1551, OR converted to RR.
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risk of case, 75.3% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.004, treatment 4 of 5,273 (0.1%), control 114 of 37,161 (0.3%), NNT 433, OR converted to RR.
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Montopoli et al., 5/6/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 12 authors.
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